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6 of the Most Commonly Confused International Capitals 

By Daily Passport Team
Read time: 4 minutes
March 19, 2024
Updated: April 1, 2024

6 of the Most Commonly Confused International Capitals 

By Daily Passport Team
Author
Daily Passport Team
Daily Passport writers have been seen in publications such as National Geographic, Food & Wine, CBC, Condé Nast Traveler, and Business Insider. They're passionate about uncovering unique destinations and sharing expert tips with curious travelers.

There are nearly 200 national capitals around the globe, so it wouldn’t be surprising if you draw a blank trying to remember them all. To make matters more confusing, some countries have multiple capitals, some have changed their capitals, and some have capitals that are only home to a few hundred people. But above all else, the six cities below stand out from the pack as the international capitals that everyone always seems to get wrong. Can you keep these commonly confused capitals straight? 

Canberra, Australia

Australian flag flying over government building on grassy hill in Canberra
Credit: Mlenny/ iStock via Getty Images 

If you’re heading to the land Down Under, chances are you’ll begin your adventure in Sydney — that famous city with its majestic harborfront opera house. But that isn’t the capital of Australia. Neither are popular cities such as Melbourne, Perth, or Brisbane. The lesser-known city of Canberra doesn’t always ring a bell, but it is, in fact, the capital of Australia.

Home to just about 400,000 people, Canberra has a small-town vibe that allows visitors to experience all the city has to offer without feeling overwhelmed. From art to history to the great outdoors, Canberra has plenty of appeal for visitors — you’ll find museums, breweries, and incredible architecture to explore, along with stunning views of the mountains and valleys surrounding the city.

Rabat, Morocco

Cityscape of Rabat, Morocco, seen from across body of water
Credit: saiko3p/ Shutterstock 

Watch a lot of movies, and you might imagine the city of Casablanca is the capital of Morocco. Even with the likes of Bogie and Bergman gracing your screens and making you fall in love with Morocco, this beautiful city isn’t the capital. Nor is the popular tourist hotspot Marrakech. The capital of this North African nation is actually Rabat.

Rabat is a hidden gem with a lot to offer, including the Mausoleum of Mohammed V, a preserved holy place that’s open to the public. Three members of the Alaouite dynasty are interred within, and its architectural style is reminiscent of the dynasty’s period of rule.

Ankara, Turkey

Aerial view of stone fortress overlooking Ankara, Turkey
Credit: bloodua/ iStock via Getty Images 

With a history dating back to the stone age, the capital of Turkey is a familiar name, but not the one most think of first. While Istanbul is probably the best-known city in the country, it’s not the capital. The actual capital, Ankara, sits about 280 miles inland from Istanbul. It has roughly one-third the population of Istanbul and is not nearly as famous.

One thing Ankara does offer, though, is the famous Angora (long-haired) goats and cats. In fact, Angora used to be the name of the city before it was renamed Ankara. From Roman-era temples to a Byzantine citadel to a Seljuk era mosque, there are many different viewpoints from which to see the city. Ottoman buildings fill a large portion of the city, some having been converted into museums to educate visitors.

Ottawa, Canada

Parliament Hill seen from across river in Ottawa, Canada
Credit: A-Tom/ iStock via Getty Images 

Toronto? Nope. Montreal? Try again. Vancouver? Still not correct. Canada’s capital is Ottawa, located in the province of Ontario about midway between the country’s two largest cities of Montreal and Toronto. Ottawa houses a bilingual parliament and has its own rich traditions, even if it isn’t typically the top spot to visit on a trip up north.

Home to the Rideau Canal, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ottawa boasts year-round celebrations and festivals, offers a cosmopolitan vibe, and can easily be traversed by foot. Many visitors enjoy the historic ByWard Market, which is lined with markets and cute shops.

Brasília, Brazil

Distinctively shaped Cathedral of Brasília, Brazil
Credit: Edson J Ferreira/ Shutterstock 

Many guess that Rio de Janeiro is the capital of Brazil. While that used to be the case, the city famous for its beaches and Sugar Loaf Mountain is no longer the national capital. After being built from scratch in the 1960s, the current capital of the largest country in South America is Brasília, found about 720 miles to the northwest.

This city is home to almost 3 million residents and has a tropical savannah climate with high humidity. If you visit, you’ll want to check out the Cathedral of Brasília, a Roman Catholic cathedral that looks more like a state-of-the-art museum in New York City than any a place of worship. The Chapada dos Veadeiros is a renowned national park with numerous waterfalls and opportunities to see wildlife. You can also visit the Poço Azul, or “Blue Pool,” a natural wonder formed from quartz that is a popular snorkeling location.

Bern, Switzerland

Parliament building in Bern, Swtizerland
Credit: Rostislavv/ iStock via Getty Images 

Since the United Nations’ European headquarters are in Geneva, most people assume that it must be the capital of Switzerland. Or, they guess Zürich, the most populated city in the country. But the honor instead belongs to Bern. The city, located on the Aare River, is the fifth-largest in the country and offers just as much beauty as the rest of Switzerland. Highlights for visitors to Bern include wandering the old city, checking out the medieval Zytglogge (Clock Tower) and parliament building, and strolling the city’s spectacular rose garden.

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Tips

These New U.S. High-Speed Rail Projects Could Transform the Way You Travel

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 5 minutes
March 19, 2024
Updated: February 19, 2025

These New U.S. High-Speed Rail Projects Could Transform the Way You Travel

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

High-speed rail services provide seamless travel between cities at lightning-quick speeds — but only for those lucky enough to live near one. Unfortunately, these trains are far more common throughout Asia and Europe than they are here in the United States. Many extant railroad tracks in America are incapable of handling trains traveling at such fast speeds, requiring entirely new tracks to be laid. The good news is that several proposals for speedier train lines are currently in the works, and it may not be long before we see more and more rapid transit options popping up around the country. Here are six of the coolest high-speed rail projects in the U.S. that could soon become a reality.

Acela’s New Fleet – Boston, Massachusetts, to Washington, D.C.

View of Amtrak train car at station
Credit: Radharc Images/ Alamy Stock Photo

Reaching maximum speeds of around 150 mph, Amtrak’s Acela line is currently the only true high-speed rail service available in the U.S. The route — which services approximately 3 million passengers annually — begins in Boston, Massachusetts, passes through New York City, and ends in Washington, D.C. 

While Acela has been in operation since 2000, a new line of faster cars is set to be unveiled in 2024. These updated trains will operate at record speeds of 160 mph. Once safety testing is complete, Amtrak will introduce 28 of these new high-speed Acela cars, each with complimentary Wi-Fi, outlets and USB ports, and 25% more seating capacity than older models. There’s no exact date for when Acela’s new fleet will make its official debut, but keep your eyes peeled for these cars to hit the tracks sometime in 2024.

Brightline – Orlando International Airport to Cocoa, Florida

Brightline train traveling through South Florida
Credit: Markus Mainka/ Alamy Stock Photo

In 2018, the Brightline train service debuted in Florida, connecting the cities of Orlando and Miami. While not a true high-speed rail service, the company’s trains reach speeds of up to 79 mph throughout much of South Florida. 

Better yet, Brightline has begun testing a new model that is set to carry passengers at maximum speeds of 125 mph, which would make it the fastest train in Florida. These updated cars will service a 35-mile-long stretch between Orlando International Airport and the city of Cocoa. The new Brightline service is expected to become operational by 2028.

Brightline West – Las Vegas, Nevada, to Rancho Cucamonga, California

Passengers aboard train car
Credit: Jeff Greenberg/ Universal Images Group via Getty Images 

On the country’s opposite coast, Brightline’s new sister service is also in the works. Workers broke ground on the project, known as Brightline West, in early 2024, with a goal of wrapping up construction prior to the start of the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. 

Should everything go according to plan, Brightline West may not only become the fastest train in California, but also the entire United States. This proposed route will exceed speeds of 186 mph, connecting Las Vegas, Nevada, and Rancho Cucamonga, California. This would allow passengers to complete the trek in just two hours and 10 minutes — half the time it takes to drive between the two locations. The ambitious project is only just underway, so stay tuned for updates.

Cascadia Rail – Vancouver, British Columbia, to Eugene, Oregon

Empty railroad track through forest and mountains
Credit: 4nadia/ iStock via Getty Images 

The Cascadia Rail is a proposed bullet train that would connect Vancouver, Canada, with neighboring Washington state. The route would continue through major cities such as Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia, and Portland, before finishing its journey in Eugene. 

All told, this 250 mph train would theoretically turn an eight-hour drive into less than a two-hour train trip. Advocates for the Cascadia Rail began publicizing the project in 2018, hoping to complete work by 2030. However, the project is still in its infancy and has yet to receive the necessary government funding for its projected price tag — between $36 billion and a whopping $150 billion. That said, the region received $500,000 in 2023 as the government allocated grant money to various rail projects across the country. Supporters of the project are hopeful that this small amount of funding will help stimulate the project.

Central Valley Line – Bakersfield, California, to Merced, California

Above-ground concrete supports for proposed Central Valley high-speed rail line in California
Credit: George Rose via Getty Images News 

The California High-Speed Rail Authority is currently constructing a rapid rail service throughout the central portion of the state known as the Central Valley Line. This project includes building 171 miles of new high-speed railroad tracks to connect the cities of Bakersfield and Merced, which lie about halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco. Given the flat topography of the region, these trains are expected to reach record-breaking speeds of 220 mph — assuming the project goes forward as expected. 

The Central Valley Line is only the beginning of a larger proposed rail network throughout California, with the hopes of connecting Los Angeles and San Francisco by high-speed rail in the future. Should this grand vision ultimately come to fruition, passengers will be able to make that trip in just three hours, about half the time it currently takes.

Texas Central – Dallas to Houston

Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge and skyline of Dallas, Texas, seen from above
Credit: halbergman/ E+ via Getty Images 

The Texas Central high-speed rail project seeks to connect the state’s two biggest cities, Dallas and Houston, with 240 miles of new high-speed railway. The drive between these two cities currently takes nearly four hours, but the Texas Central train would theoretically make the trip in just 90 minutes. 

Texas Central train cars are planned to operate at speeds in excess of 200 mph, departing every 30 minutes during peak commuting hours. The company seeks to utilize the same high-speed trains that currently run between the Japanese cities of Osaka and Tokyo. Each Texas Central train will be made up of eight cars capable of holding roughly 400 passengers. The project is yet to be officially authorized, but if given the green light, the Texas Central rail line will take roughly five years to complete.

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Tips

Flight Attendants Have a Secret Language — Here’s How to Decode It

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 6 minutes
March 19, 2024
Updated: August 5, 2025

Flight Attendants Have a Secret Language — Here’s How to Decode It

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

When flying, have you ever heard the crew utter words like “cross check,” “all call,” or “jump seat”? Such terms may be unfamiliar to the uninformed ear, but it’s all part of a coded system used by flight attendants for efficient and often discreet communication. These expressions can refer to parts of the aircraft and even the passengers, but don’t worry, it’s not like they’re talking about you behind your back — at least most of the time. Here are some of the more common terms that make up the secret language of flight attendants.

Cross Check and All Call

Flight attendant closing aircraft door
Credit: Svitlana Hulko/ iStock via Getty Images 

Before departure or arrival, flight attendants perform a “cross check.” This process involves double-checking that the aircraft doors are properly armed or disarmed before opening. If the doors are armed, then an inflatable escape slide or raft will deploy when opened during an emergency. If unarmed, nothing will happen when the door is opened. (Doors must be unarmed for passengers to embark and disembark the plane.) To perform a cross check, the flight attendant either locks or unlocks a special level before sliding it to the appropriate side.

Once the cross check has concluded, the entire flight attendant crew hops on the internal phone system to perform what’s known as an “all call.” All calls alert fellow crew members that all the necessary safety precautions have been taken before the flight can depart.

Jump Seat

Flight attendant fastening seat belt in aircraft jump seat
Credit: YakobchukOlena/ iStock via Getty Images 

Each flight attendant has a special retractable seat to use for takeoffs and landings called a “jump seat.” This chair is often small and somewhat uncomfortable, but it provides each crew member with a place to sit during arrivals and departures. The seat earned its name because it automatically folds back up once the flight attendant jumps back on their feet.

Similarly, a “jump seater” refers to any off-duty crew member who hitches a ride on a flight when there aren’t any regular passenger seats available. Instead, jump seaters must settle for those retractable jump seats if they want to take the flight, but they may choose to simply stand for much of the flight.

Spinners and Runners

Passenger walking down aircraft aisle, seen from behind
Credit: Imgorthand/ E+ via Getty Images

A “spinner” is a last-minute passenger who boards the aircraft without a specific seat assignment. Spinners often find themselves turning around in the aisle seeing what’s available. This action looks like they’re spinning around, hence the term. “Runners” are passengers who are found sprinting towards the aircraft before the doors close. The term runner can refer to anyone who arrived at the airport late, or those who have just landed on a delayed connecting flight.

U.M.

Young child seated in airplane seat
Credit: MIA Studio/ Shutterstock 

The abbreviation “U.M.” is a coded way to communicate that there’s an unaccompanied minor (usually children between 8 and 17 years old, depending on the airline) aboard the flight. Flight attendants are often tasked with providing special assistance to these minors who are traveling alone.

Blue Room

View of airplane lavatory sign
Credit: franckreporter/ iStock via Getty Images 

During official announcements over the loudspeaker, flight attendants often refer to the airplane bathroom as the “lavatory.” But when it comes to flight attendant speak, the bathroom is often called the “blue room.” The term refers to the blue deodorizing liquid found when you flush many airplane toilets.

Bulkhead

Flight attendant preparing items in aircraft galley
Credit: coffeekai/ iStock via Getty Images 

“Bulkhead” is used to describe the wall that separates a seating section from the aircraft lavatories and galleys. The bulkhead is located directly in front of the first row of each cabin, and it typically provides extra legroom for those lucky enough to sit there.

Pink-Eye

Passenger using seatback entertainment screen on night flight
Credit: skynesher/ E+ via Getty Images 

You may have heard of a red-eye flight, a trip that is scheduled overnight. But if the plane leaves slightly earlier, then it may be known as a “pink-eye.” Pink-eye flights often depart at nighttime but don’t fly entirely overnight, instead arriving at their destination after midnight but before sunrise.

Chimes

Close-up view of passenger pressing flight attendant call button on aircraft
Credit: KYTan/ Shutterstock 

The various dings and other sounds that you hear during the course of your flight are known as “chimes,” and each one has a different meaning depending on both the tone and number of chimes. These signals can alert the flight attendants if a passenger requests their service, if they’re needed by the pilot, or if there’s an emergency onboard the aircraft.

Commuters and Crash Pads

Trio of flight attendants rolling luggage through airport
Credit: Svitlana Hulko/ iStock via Getty Images 

Many flight attendants operate out of what’s known as the “crew base,” which acts as the main hub for the airline for which they’re employed. But it’s common for flight attendants — especially more junior ones — to live in a different city than their base, and they must fly into the airport each morning before they can start their shift. These crew members are known as “commuters.”

Many flight attendants who commute rely on “crash pads” as a place to sleep. These communal apartments are often shared between dozens of people, though it’s rare for everyone to sleep there at the same time. Instead, these crash pads have various beds that are available for any flight attendant to sleep in, depending on the flights to which they’re assigned.

Gate Lice

Passengers lining up at airport gate for boarding
Credit: PeopleImages/ iStock via Getty Images 

The phrase “gate lice” refers to when people crowd around the entry trying to board the aircraft before their zone is called to board. If you’re worried about being called gate lice, just wait for your boarding group to be called before you line up at the gate.

Privo

Flight attendant rolling beverage cart through airplane cabin
Credit: Anchiy/ E+ via Getty Images 

“Privo” is the flight attendant shorthand for provisioning. This refers to every consumable item on the aircraft, including beverages, snacks, and passenger meals.

Originator

Overhead view of airport terminal
Credit: zeynep boğoçlu/ E+ via Getty Images

The word “originator” describes the first flight to depart an airport on any given day. It’s critical that the originator flight leaves on time. If its departure is delayed, then that’s likely to delay every flight assigned to that aircraft for the remainder of the day.

Turn

View of airplane cabin from back
Credit: RainStar/ iStock via Getty Images 

A “turn” typically refers to the turnaround time for an aircraft between flights. For flight attendants, it’s also a term that describes an extremely quick geographic turnaround. This is typically when a flight attendant departs from one city, arrives in another, and then immediately gets on a flight returning to the original city from where they started their day.

Two-for-One Special

Jet landing on airport runway
Credit: sharply_done/ E+ via Getty Images 

On occasion, an airplane will bounce during landing, but it’s usually nothing to worry about. Flight attendants refer to this double bounce as a “two-for-one special.”

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Culture

These Are the World’s Best-Planned Cities

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 6 minutes
March 19, 2024
Updated: March 19, 2024

These Are the World’s Best-Planned Cities

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

It takes tremendous skill to design a city that provides its residents with functionality, navigability, and everyday convenience. Urban planners must consider how to build walkable streets or public transportation options, limit the amount of traffic, and offer plenty of green spaces and cultural options for residents to enjoy. Ultimately, the designs of certain cities exemplify these concepts and stand out above the rest. Here are six of the best-planned cities in the world.

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Row houses and boats with reflection on canal in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Credit: George Pachantouris/ Moment via Getty Images 

The Dutch capital was founded sometime in the 13th century, though it started to take its present shape around 1612. That year, construction began on Amsterdam’s three main canals — the Herengracht (Gentleman’s Canal), the Keizersgracht (Emperor’s Canal), and Prinsengracht (Prince’s Canal) — that, at the time, extended from the inner portion of the city to the outer portion. These canals formed a semicircular boundary around the city center, turning the metropolis into a space four times its previous size. Waterfront homes were also built along each of the waterways, allowing for ease of travel throughout Amsterdam, as well as simpler transportation of goods.

The various regions of modern-day Amsterdam are seamlessly connected via dozens of bridges that traverse its major canals. As a result, Amsterdam can be comfortably navigated by bike or on foot, and residents needn’t worry about owning a car or parking it if they live in the city center. There are also 30 official parks located within the city limits, providing plenty of green space for residents to enjoy. And for visitors, the curved streets make walking through Amsterdam a more interesting experience than more traditional grid patterns, as you’re never sure what will come into view when winding a corner.

Brasília, Brazil

Aerial view of road bridge with three-arch design in Brasilia, Brazil
Credit: Nick Photoworld/ Shutterstock

Brasília, the capital of Brazil, is uniquely designed to resemble an airplane or bird when viewed from above. This untraditional layout was no coincidence. In 1956, urban architect Lúcio Costa won a public competition to design Brasília, which was to be built from scratch and serve as the country’s new capital, replacing Rio de Janeiro. Costa spent the next four years forgoing a more traditional grid pattern and opting for an irregular cross layout for the new city, which was finally inaugurated in 1960.

Brasília is divided into several districts. Government buildings are located around the area where an airplane’s fuselage is traditionally found, and local bureaucrats reside in homes located in the “wings” of the city. Costa’s vision was not perfect, however, as the city was only designed for 500,000 people, though it is now home to roughly 2.5 million. Furthermore, his initial plan relied exclusively on car travel and failed to provide adequate accessibility for pedestrians and bicyclists. However, Brazil’s government has worked to improve congestion in recent years. The city is centering its new designs around the needs of pedestrians and cyclists, as well as improved public bus routes.

Chandigarh, India

Small river flowing through valley in Chandigarh, India
Credit: amlanmathur/ iStock via Getty Images 

Chandigarh, shared between the northern Indian provinces of Punjab and Haryana, was founded shortly after the partition of India in 1947 and was formally named the provincial capital in 1953. During that six-year period, Chandigarh became a passion project for India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who dreamed of creating one of the most eloquently designed cities on the subcontinent. Nehru enlisted the help of prestigious French architect Le Corbusier to make the urban vision a reality.

Le Corbusier conceived of a “master plan” that incorporated a rectangular shape divided into various sectors covering 250 acres each. Each sector featured a north-to-south strip of green space and was crossed by roads that traveled from east to west. Le Corbusier, aware of the city’s socio-economic tensions, also shunned high-rise buildings, as he wanted to prevent any sort of inherent class bias. His ultimate design roughly reflected the shape of the human body, placing the capitol complex around the “head,” commercial buildings in the “heart,” and various education and cultural institutions in the “arms.” The result was a stunning work of urban planning that was both sophisticated and functional.

Copenhagen, Denmark

Aerial view of busy pedestrian square in Copenhagen, Denmark
Credit: georgeclerk/ iStock via Getty Images 

In 1947, shortly after World War II came to a close, the city of Copenhagen established a “Five Finger Plan” to help encourage future urban development. Essentially, the plan sought to create five individual corridors extending from the city center that looked as if they were the five fingers of a human hand. Each “finger” was to be heavily developed, though the space between the five fingers was to be preserved as green space.

As the city grew during the 1950s and 1960s, the government rejected plans that proposed diverging from the initial “Five Finger” approach. Instead, they extended the length of each finger, providing additional room for expansion without compromising the dedicated natural space that fell in between. As the fingers grew, transportation routes were created to link each one, thus providing for easier access between the various areas of the city without sacrificing the surrounding nature. Today, Copenhagen continues to adhere to that initial 1947 vision to preserve the area’s natural beauty.

Singapore

Park and skyscrapers in Singapore
Credit: John Seaton Callahan/ Moment via Getty Images 

The city-state of Singapore covers only 283.5 square miles, smaller than New York City, but nearly every inch of that area is designed with functionality and convenience in mind. Singapore’s modern design dates to when the country gained independence in 1965. At that time, portions of the city were urbanized, specifically around the port area where British colonists lived. However, many Singaporeans in the outer areas of the city were living in crowded tenements without any reliable water supply. As part of their new independent vision, the government worked to better conditions and design a new city with all residents in mind.

Given the limited space available, urban planners built upwards, which led to the development of a dense and futuristic skyline. On ground level, lush greenery lines the majority of city streets, creating a pleasant and climate-regulating urban environment. The city is also known for its well-maintained roadways that cater to the needs of its 5.8 million residents, as well as a reliable mass rapid transit service that runs on a strict schedule. Today, about 90% of its residents live in homes of their own, which is a far cry from the circumstances of the 1960s. This goes to show how much the government’s urban planning efforts paid off.

Washington, D.C.

View of United States Capitol Building across river in Washington, D.C.
Credit: surangaw/ iStock via Getty Images 

Much of the layout of Washington, D.C., was inspired by the L’Enfant Plan, a 1790 proposal that was the brainchild of French-American urban planner Pierre L’Enfant. His vision began at Jenkin’s Hill, which became the site of the U.S. Capitol building. From there, L’Enfant imagined working outwards in each of the four cardinal directions, with the Capitol Dome as the city’s center point. He envisioned a grid pattern with long diagonal thoroughfares connecting the entire city — a concept inspired by an ancient Roman design.

Though L’Enfant was dismissed by President George Washington in 1792 amid disagreements over the plan, his vision laid the groundwork for what Washington, D.C. has become today. A highlight of this vision was a manicured public park extending from the west end of the U.S. Capitol that could house landmarks and sculptures. Today, it’s known as the National Mall — now one of the most-visited tourist attractions in the country. However, it wasn’t until the formation of the McMillan Commission in 1901 that the capital finally brought many of L’Enfant’s initial ideas to their fullest potential. They tidied up the National Mall, expanded the city’s footprint into the Potomac River, and transformed its disorganized farmland into the modern metropolis we know today.

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Tips

The Best Ways to Get Priority Boarding on Your Next Flight

By Julia Hammond
Read time: 4 minutes
March 19, 2024
Updated: October 28, 2025

The Best Ways to Get Priority Boarding on Your Next Flight

By Julia Hammond
Author
Julia Hammond
Julia is a U.K.-based travel writer whose work has been featured in The Independent, The Telegraph, The New Zealand Herald, and Culture Trip, among others. She’s an enthusiastic advocate for independent travel and a passionate geographer who has had the privilege of traveling to more than 130 countries in search of a story.

Ever since airlines introduced fees for checked baggage, there has been an increase in travelers boarding with carry-on luggage. Overhead bins fill quickly on full flights, and no one wants to run the risk of the crew insisting they gate-check your bags, which brings with it the inconvenience and delay associated with waiting at the luggage carousel at the other end. In such instances, getting on the plane ahead of the pack can be beneficial. Wondering how to board earlier on your next flight? Let’s run through the options for priority boarding below.

Be Part of a Qualifying Group

Mother with toddler in line at airport
Credit: d3sign/ Moment via Getty Images 

If you’ve been caught in an aisle bottleneck caused by a dawdling toddler or seen how long it takes to settle a baby into an airplane seat, you’ll understand why airlines permit families with small children to board early. Precisely who qualifies depends on the airline. For instance, American Airlines asks that passengers traveling with a child under two years old request assistance if they wish to board first. Similarly, agents for United Airlines flights will call families with children under two for pre-boarding — particularly useful if you need to gate-check a stroller. Meanwhile, Southwest Airlines boards in three groups (A, B, and C) and permits children under six to board with their families after Group A has finished boarding. 

Other passengers who require special assistance, such as those with a disability or travelers with impaired mobility, are also given priority when it comes to boarding. Elderly passengers are invited to make themselves known to gate agents if they require early boarding. The U.S. Department of Transportation recommends that you notify the airline as early as possible if you require assistance at the airport, including pre-boarding, suggesting a minimum of 48 hours’ notice. 

Most U.S. airlines also offer active military personnel priority boarding. How early they are permitted to board varies from airline to airline. For instance, Alaska Airlines, Delta and United allow active military with ID to board first, while American has them in Group 1 behind those qualifying for pre-boarding. Southwest places them ahead of Groups B and C. JetBlue places active military in Group 4 of 10, but also offers a range of privileges including discounted fares and free baggage to serving personnel (and retirees registered with their Veterans Advantage program).

Related: 26 Rules for Flying in 2026 Every Traveler Should Follow

Upgrade to First or Business Class

Flight attendants welcoming passengers on airplane
Credit: Mongkol Chuewong/ Moment via Getty Images 

When it comes to flying, money talks. If you’ve shelled out the big bucks for a premium seat at the front of the plane, you’ll be among the first to board. Or, you may wish to spend a little extra time in the lounge, if access is included before your flight, and skip to the front of the queue whenever you’re ready to get settled on the plane. Flight attendants serving first and business cabins will also most likely offer their guests a welcome drink while other passengers are boarding. 

Earn Elite Airline Status

Close-up image of passenger handing boarding pass to agent at airport
Credit: nicepix/ Shutterstock 

Attaining elite status with your preferred airline is another way to secure early boarding. Frequent fliers rack up tens of thousands of miles every year and are rewarded with a number of valuable benefits, one of which is getting on the plane ahead of the pack. How you qualify — and precisely when you are invited to board — varies by airline and elite status level. You can also potentially unlock elite status on multiple airlines with status match promotions, in which you can apply to extend your elite status with one airline across competing airlines, usually for a limited period of time.

Get a Credit Card That Offers Early Boarding Perks

Travelers in line at airport
Credit: izusek/ E+ via Getty Images 

Don’t fly (or spend) enough to earn elite status? Fortunately, early boarding is a perk for holders of certain airline credit cards. For instance, the Gold Delta Skymiles credit card includes Main Cabin 1 Priority Boarding as part of the perks offered for its $150 annual fee (as of 2024). A similar benefit is available with the United Explorer Card ($95 fee, waived the first year) or the AAdvantage Executive World Elite card, which also offers unlimited lounge access for its $595 annual fee. Similarly, on four flights per year, holders of the Southwest Rapid Rewards Priority Card ($149 annual fee) will be offered the best A1-A15 boarding position available to be one of the first on the plane.

Purchase Priority Boarding Directly From the Airline

Passengers seated on airplane
Credit: Anchiy/ E+ via Getty Images 

If all else fails, some airlines allow customers to purchase priority boarding, either as a standalone option or as part of a package that may include extra perks such as seats with additional legroom. For instance, JetBlue’s Even More Space option gives travelers the chance to pay for priority boarding, starting at $10 each way. It is also possible to purchase Southwest Airlines’ Upgraded Boarding option up to 24 hours before the flight, for a fee of $30 upwards per segment (dependent on availability). Frontier Airlines doesn’t sell priority boarding separately, but instead offers passengers a bundle of add-ons at the time of booking called The Works, costing from $19 per flight.

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History

6 Under-the-Radar Cities for U.S. History Lovers

By Daily Passport Team
Read time: 5 minutes
March 11, 2024
Updated: March 11, 2024

6 Under-the-Radar Cities for U.S. History Lovers

By Daily Passport Team
Author
Daily Passport Team
Daily Passport writers have been seen in publications such as National Geographic, Food & Wine, CBC, Condé Nast Traveler, and Business Insider. They're passionate about uncovering unique destinations and sharing expert tips with curious travelers.

From early colonial history to pivotal battlefields and presidential landmarks, the U.S. is filled with endlessly fascinating historical places. But if you’ve already checked the most famous landmarks off your list, you may be wondering where to head next. Look no further. The following places — though unexpected and well off the beaten path — all played a key role in the growth of the nation and make great getaways for history hounds. Skip the crowds and explore six under-the-radar cities that U.S. history buffs will love.

Astoria, Oregon

Colorful homes along the waterfront in Astoria, Oregon
Credit: Mitch Diamond/ Photodisc via Getty Images 

The famed expedition of Lewis and Clark, officially known as the Corps of Discovery, began in St. Louis in 1804 and headed west. President Thomas Jefferson tasked the explorers with mapping the western territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean — and what would become Astoria is where they ended up. The expedition built Fort Clatsop near the mouth of the Columbia River when they arrived in December 1805, which got them through two winters before heading back east. Located in and around modern-day Astoria, the Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks feature a re-creation of the small fort and chronicle this hugely consequential exploration mission.

The city Astoria also has a fascinating history of its own, highlighted at the Astoria Column, a towering hilltop monument with murals depicting area history and panoramic views. The Columbia River Maritime Museum showcases the city’s fishing, shipping and military history in a waterfront building. Meanwhile, set in a Queen Anne–style Victorian mansion, the Flavel House Museum features period furniture amidst impeccably manicured gardens.

Durango, Colorado

Brightly painted storefronts surrounded by mountains in Durango, Colorado
Credit: markrhiggins/ iStock via Getty Images 

Fans of both Native American and Hollywood history will find much to love in the Colorado mountain town of Durango. The area’s ancestral Puebloans (or Anasazi) peoples initially settled the area, but they mysteriously vanished from the Four Corners region around 1300. Today, Mesa Verde National Park, established in 1906, features thousands of archaeological sites and ancient Anasazi cliff dwellings. As the closest modern town, Durango serves as an unofficial jumping off point for area tourism, and it has some western history of its own — both real and cinematic.

The small Colorado city is particularly known for the 19th-century Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad. The steam train hugs mountainsides and rolls through canyons today as a tourist attraction, but it originally hauled gold and silver ore that helped build the city and the nation. Today, the Railroad Museum in town displays restored locomotives. Several popular Hollywood hits were also made in Durango, including Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, City Slickers, and How the West Was Won.

Tenino, Washington

Mountain, forest, and lake outside of Tenino, Washington
Credit: davelogan/ iStock via Getty Images 

When the only bank in tiny Tenino, Washington, closed during the Great Depression, Don Major, the publisher of the county newspaper, went to the city council with an idea — to issue the townspeople a temporary scrip in order to facilitate transactions in the community. Many cities and towns across the U.S. ended up employing similar concepts, but Major’s faux money — thin spruce strips laminated on either side of a piece of paper — became popular collector’s items outside the town. The Tenino Chamber of Commerce is said to have issued more than $10,000 worth of the wooden currency over the next several years as requests from collectors came in. The refurbished original Chandler Price printing press still runs once a year to make souvenirs for the city’s annual Oregon Trail Days celebration, which this year takes place from July 26 to 28.

Bartlesville, Oklahoma

High-rise buildings in downtown Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Credit: DenisTangneyJr/ iStock via Getty Images 

In Bartlesville and neighboring Tulsa, Oklahoma, architecture buffs will find some of the best-maintained examples of mid-century and Art Deco architecture and design in the country, including several homes and buildings by famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright. In fact, Wright’s only cantilevered skyscraper is in Bartlesville, which is also home to the Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired Bartlesville Community Center, as well as multiple Bruce Goff houses and his Redeemer Lutheran Church Education Building.

If you plan a June trip to Bartlesville, you can take in the city’s classical OK Music Festival. In Tulsa, check out the central Deco District, where landmarks like the Philcade and Philtower buildings exemplify the style — as well as the history of the city’s oil-baron building boom. More culture and local history await at the Philbrook Museum of Art — housed in an Italianate villa that was the former home of a local oil magnate — and the Gilcrease Museum.

Dodge City, Kansas

Historic Old West buildings in Dodge City, Kansas
Credit: robertharding/ Alamy Stock Photo

Dodge City is an epicenter for western history hounds on the trail of the Old West and vestiges of cowboy culture. The southwest Kansas town, founded in 1872 during the Wild West heydey, was known to harbor a rough-and-tumble clientele of cattle-driving cowboys and legendary lawmen. Things are quite a bit more toned down today, but shootout reenactments and rodeos are vibrant parts of the community that remain proud of their roots. Visitors can discover more about Dodge City’s frontier history at the Boot Hill Museum.

Elsewhere in town, the Gunfighters Wax Museum features life-size sculptures of legendary and notorious western figures, among them Wyatt Earp and Sitting Bull. The Mueller-Schmidt House Home of Stone Museum retains its original 1880s furnishings — which occupy the parlor, kitchen, and bedrooms — are on view during tours from June through August.

Montgomery, Alabama

Aerial view of downtown Montgomery, Alabama
Credit: VisionsbyAtlee/ iStock via Getty Images 

As the setting of two hugely important events in U.S. history, you simply can’t ignore the importance of Montgomery as a link to the nation’s past. It was here that Jefferson Davis took the oath to become the first and only president of the Confederacy. It is also where Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat at the back of a bus in 1955.

The latter history is on display in Alabama’s capital, in the form of the Civil Rights Memorial fashioned from gleaming black granite. The monument is on view adjacent to the exhibition center, which further details the commemoration of the civil rights movement. Other important nearby sites in town include the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, a hub for the bus boycott where Martin Luther King, Jr., preached. Displays of fine porcelain American and African art are housed at the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, located east of downtown.

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Tips

The Most Anticipated New Hotel Openings in 2024

By Marissa Kozma
Read time: 5 minutes
March 11, 2024
Updated: March 11, 2024

The Most Anticipated New Hotel Openings in 2024

By Marissa Kozma
Author
Marissa Kozma
Marissa is a cheap airfare aficionado who loves exploring offbeat destinations with her husband. Based in Los Angeles and Joshua Tree, Marissa has been featured in publications such as San Diego Magazine, Palm Springs Life Magazine, 303 Magazine, and Mountain Living.

2024 is set to be a game changer in the world of hotels, with new properties opening across the world that promise to be environmentally sustainable, aesthetically stunning, and culturally enriching. From a luxe new chimpanzee and gorilla ecotourism lodge in Uganda to a private island resort in Greece, these are seven of the most anticipated new hotels slated to open in 2024.

Fairmont Breakers – Long Beach, California

Restaurant inside the historic Fairmont Breakers Hotel in Long Beach, California
Photo credit: Photo Courtesy of Fairmont Hotels & Resorts

An iconic mainstay of this Southern California beach city, the historic Breakers Hotel is finally slated to reopen in March 2024. In an account of Charles Lindburgh’s notable Long Beach landing in 1928, he told reporters he was able to spot the port city by the hotel’s famous electric sign, which will soon be relit. Stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Cary Grant, and Clark Gable have all stayed at the historic property since it first opened in the 1920s. The hotel even survived an earthquake in 1933 before closing its doors in 1988. 

Restoration began 30 years later and has been ongoing since 2018. The revamped 185-room Fairmont Breakers hotel will feature the remodeled Sky Room, which was used for strategic planning during World War II, and its accompanying rooftop bar. Further additions will include an upscale Italian restaurant, a terrace pool, a two-story spa, and a live music venue. 

Kibale Lodge – Uganda

Aerial view of the Kibale Lodge in lush mountains of Uganda
Photo credit: Photo courtesy of Volcanoes Safaris

Since 1997, Volcanoes Safaris have been a pioneer of chimpanzee and gorilla ecotourism in Kibale National Park, located on the border of Uganda and Rwanda. In summer 2024, the tourism company will open a brand-new 150-acre lodge overlooking the Rwenzori Mountains (aka Mountains of the Moon).

Kibale Lodge will feature a spa, sauna, pool, eight deluxe rooms, and a villa surrounded by the lush vegetation, evergreen rainforest canopies, and grasslands of the stunning national park. With a population of about 1,500 chimpanzees, the park is one of the best places in Africa to view these amazing creatures. Fees from your stay go toward nonprofits promoting the conservation of the apes, reducing human-wildlife conflict, and restoring habitats.

Anantara Jaipur Hotel – Jaipur, India

Guest room at the Anatara Jaipur Hotel in Jaipur, India
Photo credit: Photo courtesy of Minor Hotels 

Located in the bustling Indian city of Jaipur, the 150-room luxury Anantara Jaipur Hotel will be only a stone’s throw from UNESCO World Heritage-listed forts, Mughal palaces, bazaars, and temples. Offering spectacular views of this vibrant city from its rooftop bar, the hotel will also feature a signature Indian restaurant, luxury suites outfitted with traditional décor, private plunge pools, a grand banquet hall, and a luxe spa.

Mollie’s Manchester – Manchester, England

Exterior of Mollie's Manchester hotel
Photo credit: Photo courtesy of Mollie’s Manchester 

This cheeky British property will be housed inside the Old Granada Studios, an iconic recording studio in the northern English city of Manchester where the first television performance by the Beatles was broadcast on October 17, 1962. It’s also where British punk rock band the Sex Pistols had their TV debut in 1976. Mollie’s Hotel — dubbing itself as “budget-luxe” — will open in the refurbished office building and feature a pool and rooftop bar, as well as a two-story extension with an Americana-inspired diner and additional rooms. And rest assured, there will be plenty of neon signs and wood paneling to add to the artsy, funky vibe.

Graduate Princeton – Princeton, New Jersey

Check-in desk in the lobby of the Graduate Princeton hotel in Princeton, New Jersey
Photo credit: Photo courtesy of Graduate Hotels

If you’ve ever wanted to live the Ivy League life, you’re in luck. Graduate Hotels — which operates a chain of boutique hotels in college towns — is launching its Princeton chapter in spring 2024. The 180-room property will approximately double the number of hotel rooms available in Princeton once it opens.

The Gothic-style building, originally constructed in 1918, will boast the Graduate chain’s signature maximalist interior with framed embroidered letterman jackets, trophies, and other objects with university insignia. The building once served as a dormitory and will soon also house a stunning library and 30-foot-long communal table. 

Gundari Resort – Folegandros, Greece

Cabanas, loungers, and infinity pool overlooking the Aegean Sea at Gundari Resort in Folegandros, Greece
Photo credit: Photo courtesy of Gundari Resort

Only a lucky few travelers have explored the private Greek island of Folegandros, but it will soon be easier to join them. In May 2024, Gundari Resort will open its doors to guests, allowing them to experience a “raw and wild” escape, with breezy suites and villas perched on cliffs overlooking the deep blue Aegean Sea.

The hotel is on track to become a zero-waste hotel, with a no single-use plastic policy, solar-powered water heating system, and a fleet of mini EV vehicles and electric bikes for exploring. Guests looking to get away from it all can also engage in the culture and nature of the island through intimate cooking classes, food tours, boat trips to nearby islands and beaches, and snorkeling excursions to Folegandros’ many sea caves and reefs. 

Four Seasons Hotel Rabat at Kasr Al Bahr – Rabat, Morocco

Grand staircase in the lobby of Four Seasons Hotel Rabat at Kasr Al Bahr in Rabat, Morocco
Photo credit: Photo courtesy of Four Season Hotels 

The luxury Four Seasons hotel group is calling their latest Morocco addition — the Hotel Rabat at Kasr Al Bahr — a “palace by the sea,” where guests can experience what life was once like within this historic 12th-century walled city surrounding Kasbah des Oudaias fortress. Located on a hilltop overlooking the Atlantic, the property was built at the end of the 18th century as the summer residence of Sultan Moulay Slimane.

Featuring Moorish architecture with elaborate archways and domed roofs, the hotel (opening spring 2024) exudes Arabian grandeur and features restaurants serving Moroccan cuisine, a luxurious spa, and thoughtful amenities to embrace modernity while staying true to Morocco’s treasured past and traditions. 

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Geography

What Are the World’s Longest International Borders?

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 5 minutes
March 11, 2024
Updated: October 31, 2025

What Are the World’s Longest International Borders?

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

The majority of international borders are, at most, a few hundred miles long, and the shortest measures just 260 feet. But on the opposite end of the spectrum, some borders extend for several thousand miles. From North America to the far reaches of the Eastern Hemisphere, these seemingly endless international boundaries form a vast divide between nations. Below, learn more about the world’s 10 longest international borders and how far they stretch.

10. Mexico and the United States – 1,960 Miles

Border fence between Mexico and the United States
Credit: Joey Ingelhart/ E+ via Getty Images 

The border shared between Mexico and the United States traverses from the Pacific coastline in the west over to the Gulf of Mexico in the east. The states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas fall along the northern side of the border, while the Mexican states of Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas are located to the south. A majority of the Mexico-U.S. border is composed of the Rio Grande, a river which begins in the Gulf of Mexico and then stretches for about 1,250 miles between the two countries.

9. India and Pakistan – 1,982 Miles

Mountains on the border of India and Pakistan
Credit: Aliaksandr Mazurkevich/ Alamy Stock Photo

The border between India and Pakistan contains the disputed region of Kashmir, portions of which are controlled by both India and Pakistan. Due to the volatile political climate of this area, disputes over the exact border between these two countries have continued for decades. However, current estimates put the length at 1,982 miles. The border begins in the south, near the Arabian Sea, and extends northeast toward China. One of the most fascinating quirks of this border is that it’s visible from space, thanks to the 150,000 flood lights the Indian government has installed along the partition.

8. Bolivia and Brazil – 2,115 Miles

Lakeside huts on the border of Bolivia and Brazil
Credit: Pedro Carrilho/ iStock via Getty Images 

Brazil borders 10 South American countries, which includes every country on the continent except Chile and Ecuador. Of all its shared borders, the 2,115-mile-long divide between Brazil and Bolivia stretches the longest. The boundary extends through a mix of urban environments and dense jungle terrain. It was first established in an 1867 treaty; however, conflict later arose over disputed territory, resulting in a new 1903 agreement which established the borders that we see today.

7. Mongolia and Russia – 2,145 Miles

River and mountains on the border of Mongolia and Russia
Credit: Tatiana Sall/ iStock via Getty Images

Mongolia borders only two foreign countries, but both of its international land borders are substantial. The smaller of Mongolia’s two borders is the boundary with Russia, which measures 2,145 miles long. The border begins and ends at geographic tripoints that are shared between Mongolia, Russia, and China. Few major cities exist in this mountainous terrain, but notable natural sites include a 11,450-foot mountain named Munku Sardyk and the salty waters of Uvs Lake, which is the largest lake by surface area in Mongolia.

6. Bangladesh and India – 2,574 Miles

River on the border of Bangladesh and India
Credit: Rehman Asad/ Moment via Getty Images 

Bangladesh and India share a 2,574-mile-long border, though it is quite unusual compared with others on this list. That’s because Bangladesh is surrounded by India to the west, north, and east — its only other international land border is a 168-mile-long segment shared with Myanmar in the southeast. This unique border originated during the 1947 partition of India, when Bangladesh was known as East Bengal and fell under Pakistani rule. When Bangladesh achieved independence in 1971, the borders between the newly independent country and India remained the same.

5. China and Russia – 2,597 Miles

Aerial view of railroad tracks on the border of China and Russia
Credit: xia yuan/ Moment Open via Getty Images 

China and Russia’s shared border extends for 2,597 miles, though it’s split up into two portions that are broken up by Mongolia in the middle. There’s a 29-mile-long border in the west, but it pales in comparison to the shared 2,568-mile-long border in the east. In addition to bordering one another, China and Russia border 13 other countries, which is tied for the highest number of shared international borders. Territorial disputes remained ongoing between the two countries as late as 2008, when an updated pact was signed to officially demarcate the two nations.

4. China and Mongolia – 2,877 Miles

Aerial view of the Gobi Desert on the border of China and Mongolia
Credit: R.M. Nunes/ iStock via Getty Images 

This border begins and ends at the same tripoints shared between the three countries of China, Mongolia, and Russia. Most of this border falls within the uninhabitable landscapes of the Gobi Desert, which is located throughout southern Mongolia and northern China. Border disputes occurred between the two countries as recently as the 1950s, before a formal border was finally established in the mid-1960s.

3. Argentina and Chile – 4,158 Miles

Road with winding, hairpin turns on the border of Argentina and Chile in the Andes Mountains
Credit: diegograndi/ iStock via Getty Images

Argentina and Chile share the world’s third-longest international border. The two countries lie adjacent to each other — Chile on the west, Argentina on the east — as they extend down to the tip of the South American continent. The Andes mountains make up a large chunk of the border, as do the Tierra del Fuego islands in the south, up to where the border culminates in the Patagonian ice fields. The Argentina-Chile border begins in the north at a tripoint shared with neighboring Bolivia. The southern portion of the border was disputed until 1984, when the countries agreed upon the Treaty of Peace and Friendship, which was brokered in part by Pope John Paul II.

2. Kazakhstan and Russia – 4,750 Miles

Arid mountain landscape on the border of Kazakhstan and Russia
Credit: Nadezhda Bolotina/ Alamy Stock Photo

The border between Kazakhstan and Russia is the second-longest in terms of total length, but it’s also the longest continuous international land border anywhere in the world. This boundary begins in the west along the Caspian Sea and runs for 4,750 miles east, before it culminates in a tripoint shared with China. The majority of the border extends through the Eurasian Steppe region and the Altai mountain range. There has been little dispute over this border, and it’s remained relatively stagnant since the time of the Soviet Union.

1. Canada and United States – 5,525 Miles

Flags of Canada and the United States along the Detroit River with the Ambassador Bridge in the background
Credit: Steven_Kriemadis/ iStock via Getty Images 

Canada and the U.S. share the longest international land border in the world — 5,525 miles in total. The border is broken up into two sections: A shorter, 1,538-mile-long border separates Alaska from the Canadian provinces of Yukon and British Columbia, while a longer, 3,987-mile-long section forms the boundary between Canada and the lower 48. On the U.S. side, the states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine all border Canada. Both Ohio and Pennsylvania also share a short water border with Canada. On the Canadian side, the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick all border the United States.

Related: 8 Places Where U.S. State Borders Get Strange
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Tips

What Is a Flight Dispatcher? Go Behind the Scenes of Your Next Flight

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 4 minutes
March 11, 2024
Updated: March 11, 2024

What Is a Flight Dispatcher? Go Behind the Scenes of Your Next Flight

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

On a typical flight, passengers encounter pilots, flight attendants, gate agents, and many other customer-facing employees who are integral to the success of any airline. But what many passengers don’t realize is that, behind the scenes, there’s one specific job that helps ensure a smooth and safe flight: the flight dispatcher. Their role requires communicating with dozens of other employees who are in the air, on the ground, and even at other airports. Curious about how these important individuals work behind the scenes to make air travel possible? Discover below why the role of a flight dispatcher is so important.

What Is a Flight Dispatcher?

Flight dispatchers working in control center overlooking airport apron
Credit: Gorodenkoff/ Shutterstock 

Flight dispatchers work in an airline’s operations center, which is sometimes miles away from the airport. Their day starts long before the flights they’re assigned to begin taking off, when they begin creating flight plans. Once it’s time for departure, flight dispatchers act as liaisons between anyone who may need to communicate vital information at a moment’s notice. 

On a typical day, dispatchers relay details about weather conditions, unexpected airspace restrictions, and other potential snags that might affect arrival and departure times. The average domestic flight dispatcher is responsible for overseeing 30 to 45 flights during a nine-hour shift, with around 15 to 20 aircraft in the air at any given moment. When it comes to international flight dispatchers, that number drops to anywhere from four to 20 flights. With that in mind, let’s dive further into a flight dispatcher’s fascinating job duties.

Constant Communication

View of airport control tower with airplane taking off in background
Credit: BanksPhotos/ iStock via Getty Images 

With all the moving parts that come with the hundreds of airplanes at each airline flying around the country every day, it’s critical that flight dispatchers maintain a constant line of communication between each department. That includes the crew on the airplane itself, the ground crew, FAA officials, air traffic control officers, and others. 

This line of communication stays open throughout the flight, as pilots may need to contact the flight dispatcher in the event of changing weather patterns, unexpected security concerns, mechanical problems with the aircraft, or any other issues that may affect their route. If such problems occur, the flight dispatcher will determine and relay the best course of action to the pilots should they need to adjust their plan and divert to another airport.

Crew Oversight

Close-up view of airport ramp agent holding orange batons to guide aircraft
Credit: YakobchukOlena/ iStock via Getty Images 

If a crew has exceeded the legal number of hours they can work in a given period, they may become fatigued — and that puts the safety of the passengers at risk. Thankfully, flight dispatchers oversee each crew to determine if they’re capable of flying that day. They monitor both pilots and flight attendants to ensure they’re ready to work. If for any reason they cannot perform their duties, then the flight dispatcher will delay departure until they can find a suitable replacement.

Flight Planning

Airplanes lined up on airport runway, seen from above
Credit: All copyrights belong to Jingying Zhao/ Moment via Getty Images 

Flight departure and arrival times and routings depend entirely on the flight plan created by the dispatcher. As in any job, some days are smoother than others, when conditions are favorable enough that the schedule runs mostly on time. But on other days, there are unexpected snags related to maintenance, security, and weather. In these instances, the flight dispatcher must develop a new schedule that allows planes to depart as safely and quickly as possible. As part of these flight plans, the dispatcher also must determine how much fuel each airplane needs to reach its destination and ensure that the plane is adequately fueled prior to departure.

When developing a flight plan, dispatchers must take into account the conditions at both the airport that the plane is departing from, as well as the city where it’s set to arrive. Once a plan has been created, the dispatcher will present it to the pilot for approval, though the pilot rarely makes changes. If a flight is delayed for any reason, the flight dispatcher will remain in constant communication with the crew on each airplane to determine if a later departure is possible — or if the flight will ultimately be canceled.

Weather Monitoring

View through airplane window of rainy airport tarmac
Credit: franckreporter/ iStock via Getty Images 

As frequent travelers are all too aware, weather can have an adverse impact on flights, preventing them from reaching their destinations on time. When poor weather conditions are present along a planned flight route, it’s up to the flight dispatcher to determine if it’s safe to travel — and if it is, the best course of action. 

A flight can be impacted by heavy wind, thunderstorms, and a wide variety of other factors that are out of the airline’s control. Should any of these issues arise before departure, then the flight may be grounded by the dispatcher until the bad weather passes. Or if weather conditions change for the worse mid-flight, then the flight dispatcher may determine that it’s best to divert the airplane to another airport for a safe landing. Though it might be an inconvenience to passengers, the responsibility of flight dispatchers is making sure everyone arrives safely — and for them, it’s all in a day’s work. 

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Outdoors

Is a U.S. National Park Pass Worth It?

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 4 minutes
March 7, 2024
Updated: March 7, 2024

Is a U.S. National Park Pass Worth It?

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

America’s system of national parks, national monuments, historic landmarks, and other recreational areas is among the most substantial preservation efforts in the world. The list includes 63 national parks alone, plus hundreds of other federally run sites of natural and cultural significance. While many of these places charge a small admission fee to help cover the cost of upkeep, the National Park Service also sells a variety of annual and lifetime passes through their “America the Beautiful” program. These passes allow travelers to explore America’s many natural wonders without breaking the bank, and some of the park passes are even free to acquire if you meet certain criteria. If you’re curious about getting a national park pass, find out below what the options are — and if a pass is worth it.

Which Type of Pass Is Right for You?

Hiking trail beside lake and mountains in national park
Credit: SeanXu/ iStock via Getty Images 

The National Park Service offers a variety of passes catering to different groups. These passes vary in duration and cost, and some require extra documentation to prove that you’re eligible. Below are the pass options that you can select from:

Annual: This is the standard option offered by the National Park Service. The annual pass is available to U.S. residents aged 16 or older, plus international visitors. The standard annual pass costs $80 per year.

Senior: U.S. citizens or permanent residents ages 62 and older can purchase an annual senior pass for $20 or a lifetime senior pass for $80.

Volunteer: If you’ve completed at least 250 hours of volunteer work at a federal agency that participates in the Interagency Pass Program, you’re entitled to an annual pass for free.

Military Annual: If you’re a current member of the U.S. military or any of its dependents, show your valid military identification to receive an annual pass for free.

Military Lifetime: Complimentary annual park passes are available for U.S. military veterans with valid identification, as well as Gold Star Families with a valid voucher.

Access: Any U.S. citizen or resident with a permanent disability is entitled to a free lifetime pass, so long as they provide official documentation of their medical disability.

Fourth Grade: In an effort to appeal to younger Americans, the National Park Service offers a specific pass targeted to fourth graders and home-schooled children who are 10 years of age. For more info about how to apply, visit the Every Kid Outdoors website.

How to Acquire and Use Your Pass

Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming
Credit: Daphne Zheng/ iStock via Getty Images 

To purchase your pass, you can either visit any federal recreation site listed here, or buy a pass online at the United States Geological Survey website. Bring any necessary documentation if you’re planning to purchase a senior, military, or access pass. You’ll also need a driver’s license or passport to confirm your identity, and a valid credit or debit card to make the purchase. 

Once you’ve acquired the pass, keep in mind that it’s nonrefundable, nontransferable, and cannot be replaced if lost or stolen. When visiting a federal park site, be sure to bring your park pass and personal ID to prove that you’re the passholder. For sites that charge per vehicle, the pass covers the passholder as well as any other occupants of a personal vehicle. At locations that charge per person, the pass covers the passholder and up to three additional adults age 16 or older, while children 15 or younger get in for free.

What’s Included With Each Pass

Hoodoo rock formations in Utah's Bryce Canyon National Park
Credit: cta88/ iStock via Getty Images 

Each pass grants the passholder and their guests access to more than 2,000 federal recreation areas across the country. This includes sites managed by the National Park Service, Bureaus of Land Management and Reclamation, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 

The list truly includes something for everyone, from the majestic wonders of Wyoming’s Yellowstone National Park to the Florida Everglades. For history buffs, passes also earn you free admission at several national battlefield sites, including Little Bighorn in Montana, as well as other historic sites such as Alcatraz in California and FDR’s former home in New York. Find out more about the various sites and their entrance fees here.

Is a U.S. National Park Pass Worth It?

View of Devils Tower National Monument beyond plants
Credit: Andrew Peacock/ Stone via Getty Images 

The average cost of visiting a national park in the United States is roughly $30 per vehicle, while other sites under federal jurisdiction range between $10 and $20. That being said, there are 16 national parks that don’t charge entrance fees at all, many of which are located in Alaska or east of the Mississippi. This may affect how worthwhile it is to purchase a pass, depending on which parks you choose to visit.

In most cases, the national park pass will pay for itself rather quickly. All it takes is visiting three national parks (ones that charge admission fees) for a standard annual pass holder to earn back the upfront cost they paid. Seniors can make their money back in just a single national park visit. For those entitled to a free pass, there’s really no reason to not sign up — whether you end up using the pass or not.