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Tips

The Best Anti-Wrinkle Clothing for Travel

By Rachel Gresh
Read time: 5 minutes
October 21, 2024
Updated: April 22, 2026

The Best Anti-Wrinkle Clothing for Travel

By Rachel Gresh
Author
Rachel Gresh
Rachel is a Washington, D.C.–based travel and lifestyle writer with roots in the Great Lakes region. When she’s not writing for publications such as The Discoverer and Interesting Facts, you’ll find her wandering through museums or exploring destinations off the beaten path.

When you reach your vacation destination, you should be able to hit the ground running — not waste time searching for the nearest ironing board. But even short flights can cause major fashion regret in the form of stubborn creases. And when you arrive, you probably shouldn’t expect to find wrinkle-free clothes straight from your suitcase, either. Fortunately, travel attire has evolved, and there are casual and business-ready options for all types of trips. Discover the convenience of these anti-wrinkle clothing items and learn which fabrics to steer clear of.

Crease-Proof Pants

Product image of Athleta Endless High Rise Pants
Credit: Image courtesy of vendor

After sitting long hours in a cramped plane or train, you’ll probably have wrinkles and creases where they aren’t supposed to be. To avoid that scenario, look for pants crafted from polyester, nylon, or spandex. These stretchy fabrics not only avoid wrinkles but also provide comfort and breathability. For shorter travel days, denim pants are suitable, too, as they don’t wrinkle but may lack breathability. Whatever you do, steer clear of 100% linen or cotton pants for travel, as these fabrics wrinkle the most.

Our picks: Athleta has a versatile line of travel-friendly clothes, and their women’s Endless High-Rise Pants are made of a polyester and spandex blend that wicks away moisture and stays wrinkle-free. For a wider leg, consider Athleta’s Brooklyn Heights Pants, made of the same fabric blend. For business casual men’s pants that feel like sweatpants, check out the ABC Classic-Fit Warpstreme pants from Lululemon. The Warpstreme fabric is an elastomultiester and polyester blend designed to stay wrinkle-free all day. 

Wrinkle-Resistant T-Shirts

Product image of Alo shorts
Credit: Image courtesy of vendor

While traveling, you should be prepared for temperature changes by dressing in light layers. An excellent casual base layer is a simple T-shirt, but don’t reach for a classic 100% cotton tee — those can get pretty wrinkly in a suitcase. Instead, opt for a cotton blend, polyester, or a similar synthetic fabric. “These synthetic fibers are inherently more resilient to wrinkling than natural materials and can bounce back to their original shape with ease,” explains Jennifer Connolly, creator of fashion blog A Well Styled Life.

Our picks: You can’t go wrong with a classic. Try the Hanes Cool Dri performance T-shirts (in men’s and women’s styles), which are 100% polyester and come in an assortment of colors. As a bonus, they have a 40+ UPF rating for added sun protection. For a more fitted look, opt for Alo’s bestselling All Day Short Sleeve for women, made of modal jersey to resist wrinkling. Alo has men’s options, too, such as the Triumph crew neck, which is made of tri-blend jersey containing 50% polyester. 

Travel-Friendly Dress Shirts

Product image of Ministry of Supply AerZero Dress Shirt
Credit: Image courtesy of vendor

Packing button-down dress shirts for business meetings or fine dining can be a headache for travelers. After all, hotel irons aren’t always the most reliable. Although linen shirts look great, avoid packing them if you don’t want to bring a travel steamer. Silk is another fabric that is best avoided because it is prone to creasing. Instead of breaking out the iron upon arrival, opt for a shirt designed to stay wrinkle-free, even while packed in a suitcase. 

Our picks: Ministry of Supply is known for its highly-rated AeroZero Dress Shirt, with styles for both men and women that are made from 100% recycled polyester. This makes them naturally wrinkle-resistant and machine washable. 

Effortless Dresses

Product image of Unbound Merino Travel Dress
Credit: Image courtesy of vendor

Dresses are a versatile travel item, easily dressed up or down with the right accessories, a jacket, or the perfect pair of shoes. However, you should avoid silk, linen, and 100% cotton, and opt for materials such as wool, polyester, cotton blends, or tencel instead. 

Our pick: Unbound’s Merino Travel Dress is adaptable for any climate and is made of an anti-wrinkle blend of merino wool, nylon, and spandex to wick away moisture and help with temperature control. 

Versatile Sweaters

Product image of Everlane Felted Merino Half-Zip
Credit: Image courtesy of vendor

With notoriously cold airplane cabins, wearing layers is a smart choice while traveling. So, you’ll probably bring a sweater or blazer (or a few of each), depending on where you’re headed. Cashmere, knits, and wool are ideal fabric options to stay wrinkle-free. Merino wool, in particular, is known for its elastic properties. “Not only will wool keep you warm and toasty in the winter, but it’s also incredibly wrinkle-resistant,” according to fashion website Who What Wear

Our picks: Everlane’s women’s Half-Zip Sweater is made with luxurious merino wool and can be dressed up or down, making it a great addition to any travel outfit. Everlane also has stylish merino wool options for men, including the Felted Merino Half-Zip and Merino Crew Neck Sweater. For a more casual look, try the Spanx Half Zip, a silky soft polyester blend. For a men’s fit, consider Rhoback’s Performance Q-Zip, made from a moisture-wicking polyester blend that comes in various styles and colors.

Packable Jackets

Product image of L.L. Bean peacot
Credit: Image courtesy of vendor

You might need to pack a jacket for your next trip, too. Rain jackets sometimes wrinkle, so look for styles made of nylon. A stylish peacoat might be the perfect addition to your fall outfits, but think of how it will hold up while traveling. Wool is not prone to wrinkles, so look for a coat made of this fabric if you plan on packing it in your luggage. 

Our picks: Patagonia’s Torrentshell 3L Rain Jacket is designed to fold into a small, packable block. For colder escapes, opt for a foldable jacket with a quilted pattern, such as Patagonia’s Nano Puff line. The quilting allows natural creases to form, which avoids unwanted wrinkles. (You’d be surprised how compact a winter jacket can be once the air is pushed out.) For peacoats, the L.L. Bean wool peacoat is a timeless classic that comes in men’s and women’s styles.

Featured image credit: Klaus Vedfelt/ DigitalVision via Getty Images

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Tips

What Is EU 261? Here’s What To Know for Your Next Europe Trip

By Peter Vanden Bos
Read time: 5 minutes
October 18, 2024
Updated: October 21, 2024

What Is EU 261? Here’s What To Know for Your Next Europe Trip

By Peter Vanden Bos
Author
Peter Vanden Bos
Peter is a Toronto-based journalist, editor, content strategist, and self-professed avgeek with 15 years of experience covering all things travel. Prior to joining Daily Passport, he oversaw newsletter publication for Travelzoo. His favorite destinations to explore include Japan, France, Chile, New Zealand, and his adopted home country of Canada.

Sometimes, even the best-laid travel plans go awry. Nearly a quarter of all flights operated by U.S. airlines in 2023 arrived at their destinations late, according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. But what happens to travelers who are stuck with unexpected expenses arising from flight disruptions? Fortunately, if you’re traveling in Europe, there are a set of consumer protections in place known as EU 261. Understanding how these regulations work can help you get the compensation you deserve from flight delays or cancellations in Europe. Find a helpful guide below. 

What Is EU 261?

Airline passenger handing agent passport at check-in desk
Credit: mihailomilovanovic/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 (often called the Air Passengers Rights Regulation 2004 or simply EU 261) establishes clear rules for what compensation airlines owe passengers — whether that’s cash, hotels, or meal vouchers — for long flight delays, cancellations, or denied boarding. In terms of travelers’ rights, these are some of the most comprehensive and passenger-friendly regulations that exist today. These regulations apply to EU member countries (of which there are 27) as well as flights to and from Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Post-Brexit, the United Kingdom also adopted EU 261 regulations into law. 

What Flights Does EU 261 Cover? 

Overview of Terminal 3 at London Heathrow International Airport in England
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Knowing when EU 261 regulations kick in can be a bit tricky. The law applies in the following situations:

• Flights within the EU — flights can be operated by an airline based in the EU or a non-EU airline
• Flights that arrive in the EU from outside the EU — these must be operated by an EU-based airline
• Flights that depart from the EU to a country outside the EU — these can be operated by either an EU airline or a non-EU airline

You might notice that you are not due any compensation for flight disruptions that occur on a connecting itinerary through the EU. For example, if you were flying from New York to Cape Town via Amsterdam, you would not receive compensation if either of your flights were delayed. But if you were flying from New York to a final destination of Amsterdam and that flight was delayed, you would be covered under EU 261 — but only if your flight was operated by an EU member airline. (If you were departing from the EU on your way back to New York, the airline wouldn’t matter.)

Note that if passengers voluntarily accept a rerouted itinerary from the airline and arrive within two to four hours of their original time (based on the flight distance), the compensation may be reduced by 50%, according to the regulations. 

Additionally, for the purposes of “EU,” this includes the countries outlined above (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the U.K.), as well as the dependent territories of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion Island, Mayotte, St. Martin, the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands (except the Faroe Islands).

When Are You Entitled to Compensation for Flight Delays?

Airline passenger sitting at airport gate looking out of window
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Firstly, you are entitled to compensation under EU 261 only for flight disruptions that are within an airline’s control. This could include crew scheduling issues or mechanical problems, for example, but causes such as weather, employee strikes, political unrest, or air traffic control congestion would not be covered. The latter are deemed “extraordinary circumstances” that are outside an airline’s control.

Also take careful note of which airline is operating your flight. Many airlines offer “codeshares” with other airlines, allowing them to sell seats on another carrier. For example, Air France might put their code on a Delta flight from Atlanta to Paris. But for the purposes of EU 261 compensation, it matters which airline is actually operating your flight, not the airline from which you bought the ticket.

For flight delays of three or more hours (calculated based on the arrival at your final destination), passengers are entitled to cash compensation based on the distance of the flight: 

• For flights under 1,500 kilometers (932 miles), you’re entitled to 250 euros (about $270 USD) 
• For flights between 1,500 and 3,500 kilometers (932 to 2,175 miles), you’re entitled to 400 euros (about $435 USD)
• For flights over 3,500 kilometers (2,175 miles), you’re entitled 600 euros (about $650 USD)

EU 261 also requires airlines to offer passengers assistance in the form of meals and refreshments. These rules kick in after a departure delay of two hours for flight distances in the first category above, three hours for the second category, and four hours for the third category. And if a delay is overnight, the passenger is entitled to reimbursement of hotel expenses, including transportation to and from the hotel. Of note, these passenger assistance rules apply in all situations, even those deemed “extraordinary circumstances.”

Additionally, if a delay is in excess of five hours, passengers can ask for a full or partial refund of their original ticket and a return flight to their point of departure. 

What About Flight Cancellations? 

Traveler with backpack and suitcase looking at departures board in airport
Credit: goc/ E+ via Getty Images 

The same compensation rules above also apply to flight cancellations, provided the airline informs the traveler of the cancellation less than 14 days prior to the scheduled departure date. (Similar rules also apply in cases where the passenger is denied boarding or a flight is overbooked.)

For flight cancellations specifically, the airline is required to offer the passenger a choice among three options:

• Refund of your ticket (and if you have a connecting flight, this includes a return flight to your original departure airport)
• Rerouting to your final destination at the earliest opportunity
• Rerouting at a later date, subject to availability 

How To Claim EU 261 Compensation

Person typing on laptop computer
Credit: eclipse_images/ E+ via Getty Images

If you experienced a flight disruption that meets the above conditions while traveling to, from, or around Europe, you’ll need to file an EU 261 claim. This cannot be done at the airport, but must be done directly with the airline after you arrive at your destination.

Unfortunately, each airline has a slightly different process. Some offer electronic forms to fill out on their website; others require passengers to file a claim via email and submit relevant documents such as your boarding pass. So, check the website of the airline that operated your flight and be sure to save any relevant documentation in case they require it — including screenshots of delay notifications. You can also enlist the help of a third-party company (for a fee) to secure whatever compensation is due under EU 261 regulation.  

Note there are also filing deadlines in order to receive compensation, which vary by country. AirHelp, a company that helps passengers process these claims, has compiled a handy chart with these filing deadlines.

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Tips

The Countries With the Happiest Drivers

By Peter Vanden Bos
Read time: 4 minutes
October 18, 2024
Updated: October 18, 2024

The Countries With the Happiest Drivers

By Peter Vanden Bos
Author
Peter Vanden Bos
Peter is a Toronto-based journalist, editor, content strategist, and self-professed avgeek with 15 years of experience covering all things travel. Prior to joining Daily Passport, he oversaw newsletter publication for Travelzoo. His favorite destinations to explore include Japan, France, Chile, New Zealand, and his adopted home country of Canada.

Despite all the modern advancements in travel, the appeal of an old-fashioned road trip endures. But a road trip becomes considerably less appealing when you’re sharing the road with unhappy drivers. Luckily for any would-be road-trippers, the folks at vehicle finance company Moneybarn have created a global driver satisfaction index, analyzing what it’s like to drive in 35 major countries around the world, to determine which nations have the happiest motorists. Here are the best (and worst) countries for a road trip.

Best Countries for Drivers

5. Switzerland

Mountain road winding through the Swiss Alps
Credit: phbcz/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Living in one of the world’s happiest and wealthiest countries, Swiss motorists are some of the most satisfied drivers in the world. However, even though Switzerland landed at No. 5 on the global driver satisfaction index, the central European country scored a rating of just 6.13 out of 10 on the index, reflecting the challenges and roadblocks many drivers face worldwide. The report analyzed key factors such as quality of road infrastructure, congestion levels in the capital, average gas prices, road safety in terms of number of road traffic deaths, number of speed cameras, and average off-street parking cost.

Switzerland scored particularly well when it came to safety (with just two road traffic deaths per 100,000 people) but had some of the highest gas prices on the list. Still, drivers have a lot to smile about in Switzerland as they pass by scenic views of the Alps and captivating cities such as Geneva and Lucerne.

4. Spain

Aerial view of traffic circle in Madrid, Spain
Credit: jx1306/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Switzerland’s neighbor to the southwest scored 6.42 out of 10 on the global driver satisfaction index. Though the overall quality of Spain’s road infrastructure was lower than that of Switzerland, Spain had slightly more affordable petrol prices and remarkably low congestion in its capital. That’s largely thanks to Madrid’s low-emission zone, which introduced restrictions on vehicles in the city center to reduce pollution and encourage public transport use. Spain is also one of the world’s most well-traveled countries — it certainly helps that it’s among the best countries in the world for a road trip. 

3. Turkey

Aerial view of highway in Cappadocia, Turkey
Credit: Matteo Colombo/ DigitalVision via Getty Images 

On the opposite end of Europe (and crossing into Asia), drivers in Turkey scored 6.56 out of 10 on the index. Indeed, there’s a lot to be satisfied about driving through Turkey. Not only is there plenty of roadside scenery to take in — from the fairy-tale landscapes of Cappadocia to the views of Istanbul from one of the world’s tallest bridges — but Turkey also had some of the lowest gas prices in the report. That’s in addition to low parking costs and low congestion in its capital. 

1. Japan (tie)

Road in Tokyo, Japan, with view of Tokyo Tower
Credit: CHUNYIP WONG/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Two nations in Asia share the title of the best country for drivers, both scoring 7.10 out of 10 in the report. The first, Japan, is noted for producing some of the world’s most reliable automobiles. The country also has excellent overall road infrastructure and low prices for diesel in particular. Prefer to fly instead? The Land of the Rising Sun is home to some of the world’s top-ranked airports.

1. Singapore (tie)

Busy highway next to building covered in greenery in Singapore
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Tied for first place, the Southeast Asian city-state of Singapore boasts the best overall road infrastructure of any place on the index — which makes perfect sense when you consider it’s one of the world’s best-planned cities. Drivers in Singapore also benefit from being on some of the world’s safest roads and from having access to relatively affordable parking. Unfortunately for Singaporeans, it remains one of the world’s most expensive countries to own a car, but luckily there’s a robust public transportation network, which visitors can take advantage of, too.  

Worst Countries for Drivers

Cityscape of Athens, Greece, with Acropolis of Athens
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Wondering where you should probably avoid getting behind the wheel? Romania had the third-lowest driver satisfaction score on the list (3.55 out of 10), thanks to high congestion in its capital and its dangerous roads. Next was Italy (3.12 out of 10), noted for its high fuel costs and poor road quality. The world’s worst country for drivers, according to the report, is Greece, which had the lowest score on the index (2.73 out of 10). That’s largely due to a higher number of road traffic deaths, as well as high gas prices and high congestion levels in the capital, Athens

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Geography

These Are the Wettest Places on Earth

By Bradley O'Neill
Read time: 6 minutes
October 18, 2024
Updated: October 24, 2024

These Are the Wettest Places on Earth

By Bradley O'Neill

Most travelers hope for clear blue skies and abundant sunshine on their vacations, but there are some places where rainfall reigns supreme. In these locales, near-constant precipitation dramatically shapes landscapes and cultures to create some of the most interesting destinations on the planet. From the islands of Hawaii to the hills of northeastern India, discover nine of the wettest places in the world, according to the CIA World Factbook

9. Pu’u Kukui – Maui, Hawaii

Clouds forming over coastline of Pu'u Kukui in Maui, hawaii
Credit: Westend61 via Getty Images 

366 inches of annual precipitation

Rising 5,788 feet above the West Maui Mountains, Pu’u Kukui (Hawaiian for “Hill of Light”) is the second-tallest point on Hawaii’s second-largest island. The dormant volcano shelters the Pu’u Kukui Watershed Preserve, one of the most biologically diverse areas in Hawaii and home to dozens of rare endemic species. The forest also absorbs the area’s considerable rainfall — around 366 inches per year on average — which is later used as a water source for West Maui. 

Organized, volunteer-led hikes around the forest bring visitors up close with plant and animal species unique to the area. These include a tree-living land snail and long, sharp plants known as silverswords. There’s also a 4-mile boardwalk up to the summit, which is only accessible via these limited-availability hikes with the nonprofit conservation group Aloha Puʻu Kukui.

8. Mount Waialeale – Kauai, Hawaii

River flowing through rainforest of Mount Waialeale in Kauai, Hawaii
Credit: Edmund Lowe Photography/ Shutterstock 

384 inches of annual precipitation 

With a name that translates to “rippling water” or “overflowing water,” it’s probably no surprise that Mount Waialeale ranks among the world’s wettest places. Several factors contribute to the heavy rainfall — between 384 and 450 inches per year on average — at this 5,148-foot-tall shield volcano. These include the mountain’s ability to trap moisture from trade winds, its humid environment, and sheer cliffs that facilitate moisture accumulation. 

Waipoo Falls and dozens of other thin waterfalls flow down crevices in the mountain’s striking green cliffs. They converge in a freshwater pool before feeding the Wailua and Waimea rivers. Due to its remote location on central-western Kauai, Waialeale is accessible only by helicopter and plane tours. 

7. Big Bog – Maui, Hawaii

River flowing through volcanic landscape of Big Bog, Hawaii
Credit: ©fitopardo/ Moment via Getty Images 

404 inches of annual precipitation 

Part of the Hāna Forest Reserve on the eastern side of Haleakalā National Park, Big Bog receives a little over 400 inches of annual precipitation on average. This high-altitude bog has a 5,400-foot elevation that produces a tropical rainforest climate with almost constant rainfall. 

It’s the result of a phenomenon called the orographic effect: When moist air is forced to rise over high terrain, it cools to create clouds and precipitation. Although visited by researchers, the bog is a protected area with muddy terrain, and the risk of flash flooding makes it largely inaccessible to tourists.

6. Debundscha – Cameroon

Rainbow shining over waterfall in Debundscha, Cameroon
Credit: antoineede/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

406 inches of annual precipitation 

The small village of Debundscha sits on the shores of the Gulf of Guinea in the shadow of 13,255-foot-tall Mount Cameroon. It is Africa’s second-wettest place, with most of its 400-plus inches of annual rainfall occurring between June and October. Debundscha’s persistently soggy weather during these months is also caused by an orographic effect, with moist air from the Atlantic Ocean rising over the mountain. Another factor is the village’s proximity to the equator, which generates a permanently humid climate. 

The rains help to nurture the scenic landscapes and rich biodiversity of nearby Mount Cameroon National Park. A vast volcanic mass, it’s home to approximately 2,300 plant species and over 200 bird species. They thrive amid an ecosystem of grassland, mangrove, and montane forest.

5. San Antonio de Ureca – Equatorial Guinea

Aerial view of coastal cliffs and lush greenery in San Antonio de Ureca, Equatorial Guinea
Credit: Jan Ziegler/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

411 inches of annual precipitation 

Receiving near-constant precipitation in the rainy season from November to March, the wettest place on the African continent is San Antonio de Ureca. This coastal village — located on the isolated southernmost coastline of Bioko Island in Equatorial Guinea — receives over 410 inches of rain each year on average. 

With black-sand beaches, thick jungle, and spectacular waterfalls, the surroundings here are picture-perfect. During the dry season, Ureca is a popular destination among intrepid waterfall hunters. With some careful planning, plenty of water, and sun protection, it’s possible to follow trails to four falls called the Cascades of Moca. Those who complete the journey often find that they have the falls all to themselves. 

4. Cropp River – New Zealand

River flowing through landscape of Kakapotahi, New Zealand
Credit: MAURURU/ Shutterstock 

453 inches of annual precipitation 

Despite flowing for just under 6 miles, the Cropp River in Kakapotahi — the western region of New Zealand’s South Island — receives the most rainfall of any place in Oceania. In December 1995, the area registered 41.3 inches of rain in a period of 48 hours, which was a record for the country at the time. Remote and enveloped by lush native flora, the river is close to the Hokitika Gorge. Visitors descend upon the gorge to hike trails and admire its turquoise waters and limestone cliffs. The trails were once part of an Indigenous Māori route to the Canterbury region via treacherous mountain passes.

3. Tutunendo – Colombia

River surrounded by lush foliage in Tutunendo, Colombia
Credit: Daniel Garzón / VWPics/ Alamy Stock Photo

463 inches of annual precipitation 

Tutunendo, meaning “river of aromas” in the Emberá language, is a small town in Colombia’s Choco Department. Because of its proximity to the equator and Pacific Ocean, locals have to contend with year-round rain. To encourage tourism to the town and showcase its biodiversity, the Sendero Ecoturistico de Tutunendo was opened in 2021. This almost mile-long boardwalk connects the Tutunendo River with the Cascada Sal De Frutas waterfall, passing through dense jungle on the way. In a pool at the foot of the falls, visitors can bathe in the waters, said to have healing properties. Canoe tours along the river are also offered. 

2. Cherrapunji – India

Rowboats under bridge in river in Cherrapunji, India
Credit: ePhotocorp/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

464 inches of annual precipitation 

Cherrapunji (also known as Sohra) is located high above the Shillong Plateau in the East Khasi Hills of northeastern India. From June through September, this town in the state of Meghalaya is besieged by legendary monsoons that are responsible for an average of more than 460 inches of rain each year. In 1861 alone, over a thousand inches of rain fell during the year. 

Surprisingly, however, Cherrapunji experiences droughts in winter, with little to no rainfall. The rain that does arrive helps to create a breathtaking landscape of green forests, dramatic limestone caves, rushing rivers, and gorgeous waterfalls. Highlights for visitors include the illuminated Mawsmai Cave and a hike to Nohkalikai Falls. The town is also famous for its living root bridges, built by the local Khasi peoples from the rubber trees that grow alongside streams and rivers.

1. Māwsynrām – India

Horizontal tree log over river and small waterfall in Māwsynrām, India
Credit: DIPTENDU DUTTA/ AFP via Getty Images 

467 inches of annual precipitation 

Situated less than 10 miles west of Cherrapunji as the crow flies, Māwsynrām is the wettest place on Earth. Like its neighbor, this high-altitude town experiences a mighty monsoon season in the summer months, amounting to 467 inches of average annual rainfall. There are two main causes for the wet weather in Māwsynrām: One is that India’s southwest monsoon carries huge amounts of water from the ocean; the other is that the Shillong Plateau blocks the monsoon winds that arrive from the Bay of Bengal, forcing them upward and creating more moisture. 

To mitigate the sound of the rain, locals often soundproof their homes with grass. They also use knups, which are umbrellas made from bamboo, plastic sheets, and grass. If you find yourself in Māwsynrām, you can trek around the verdant valleys and visit Mawjymbuin Cave, a limestone cavern revered in Hinduism.

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Architecture

5 Stunning Architectural Domes Around the World

By Fiona Mokry
Read time: 5 minutes
October 18, 2024
Updated: October 18, 2024

5 Stunning Architectural Domes Around the World

By Fiona Mokry
Author
Fiona Mokry
Fiona has spent her career exploring the world and working in the travel industry, turning her lifelong passion into a profession. From planning custom trips to sharing stories as a travel writer for publications such as The Discoverer, she’s all about helping others experience the world in a deeper, more meaningful way.

The world’s most impressive architectural domes showcase human creativity and structural ingenuity. From ancient structures to modern buildings, these domes demand our attention and define the skylines they rule over. The purposes of these domes range from mausoleum to museum to house of worship, but each tells its own story of innovation, creation, and tradition. Here are five of the most stunning architectural domes around the world.

Taj Mahal – Agra, India

Reflective pool with view of Taj Mahal in Agra, India
Credit: Kriangkrai Thitimakorn/ Moment via Getty Images 

One of the most recognizable buildings on the planet, the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, was declared one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the mausoleum in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth in 1631, and its designer was the talented architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. 

A large part of what makes the Taj Mahal so striking is its 75-foot-tall gleaming white marble dome, a type dubbed an “onion dome” due to its shape and color. The inlay work of precious stones, floral design, and intricate motif is impressive. Interestingly, the dome’s design also causes a single note from a flute to echo five times due to the unique acoustics. Four smaller domes and four minarets cluster around the largest one in the center, which reaches a commanding height of 240 feet. 

St. Peter’s Basilica – Vatican City

Exterior of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, topped by dome
Credit: Mistervlad/ Shutterstock 

As the centerpiece of Vatican City — the world’s smallest country, which is entirely encircled by Rome — St. Peter’s Basilica holds an impressive number of superlatives. Not only is it the largest church in the world, but St. Peter’s Basilica also features the world’s tallest dome, with the inside of its lantern soaring to 384 feet. In 1546, Pope Paul III commissioned Michelangelo to design the dome, making it one of the final projects of the artist’s career before his death in 1564. The construction of the basilica, built over the site of a fourth-century church, took 120 years, ultimately reaching completion in 1626. 

Directly beneath the dome is the resting place of St. Peter, one of Jesus’ Twelve Apostles, who is considered the first leader of the Catholic Church. The dome is divided into 16 wedge-shaped compartments, each beautifully decorated with mosaics crafted by a variety of artists between 1598 and 1613. Climbing the 551 steps to the top of the cupola is an epic way to experience St. Peter’s Basilica, offering the chance to see the statues of the Twelve Apostles on the roof and the breathtaking view down Via della Conciliazione.

Hagia Sophia – Istanbul, Turkey

Aerial view of bird flying over the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey
Credit: Ekaterina_Polischuk/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Built between 532 and 537 CE, the Hagia Sophia was once the largest Eastern Roman church in Istanbul. After the Turks conquered Constantinople in the 15th century, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II transformed the sixth-century building into a mosque, adding wooden minarets and several other Islamic features. In 1935, President Kemal Ataturk ordered the building be turned into a museum, and finally, in 2020, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan converted the museum back into a functioning mosque. 

Through the building’s many changes over the years, Hagia Sophia’s dome has continued to be the structural highlight, celebrated for its intricate design and unique architecture. Reaching 182 feet high and 104 feet wide, the dome is covered in gilded mosaics that beautifully reflect the light of the 40 windows ringed around its base. The original dome, designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus, no longer stands after it collapsed due to an earthquake in 558 CE, but it was replaced by the one we see today. The new dome was designed by Isidore the Younger, the nephew of one of the original designers, although it has been damaged or partially destroyed and restored several times throughout the Hagia Sophia’s long and fascinating history.

Pantheon – Rome, Italy

Light-filled domed interior of the Pantheon in Rome, Italy
Credit: Francesco Riccardo Iacomino/ Moment via Getty Images Plus 

The Pantheon stands out as a remarkable structure in numerous ways, but no feature demands more attention for its architectural prowess, structural integrity, and unique design than its dome. Constructed in the second century, the structure’s looming dome stands at 71 feet tall and 142 feet wide, and is composed of concrete mixed with volcanic ash, which bolsters the material’s strength. One remarkable feature of the dome’s innovation is its progressively thinning walls made from lighter material as they rise to the peak. This technique not only prevents collapse under the dome’s own weight, but also allows it to stand as the largest unsupported concrete dome in the world. 

However, the dome’s most interesting feature is undoubtedly the 27-foot oculus, the building’s only light source and considered by many to be a symbolic portal to heaven. The light plays off the rectangular indentations decorating the dome, creating an ethereal effect. The oculus also opens the structure to the elements, but the stack effect helps keep light rain out of the interior. When heavy rain does fall, the convex floor and strategically placed drains help rid the building of water. 

Montreal Biosphere – Montreal, Canada

Pathway through garden leading to the Montreal Biosphere in Montreal, Canada
Credit: Perry Mastrovito/ Photodisc via Getty Images

This geodesic dome located in Montreal’s Parc Jean-Drapeau was built by Richard Buckminster Fuller for the 1967 world’s fair, an event that commemorated Canada’s Centennial while celebrating human achievement, innovation, and cultural exchange. The structure — made from cylindrical steel tubes that recreate 75% of the surface area of a sphere — became the symbol of the event. 

Following the expo, the sphere — originally constructed for the United States’ Pavilion at the fair — was gifted to Montreal by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. The city repurposed it to host art exhibitions, nature projects, and a variety of family-friendly events. In 1995, the Biosphere was converted into a museum, the mission of which is to foster citizen awareness, action, and engagement pertaining to environmental issues, with exhibits that consider outer space, futuristic sustainable neighborhoods, and the ocean. 

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Tips

Yes, Airlines Are Shrinking Legroom — Here’s Why

By Peter Vanden Bos
Read time: 5 minutes
October 18, 2024
Updated: October 18, 2024

Yes, Airlines Are Shrinking Legroom — Here’s Why

By Peter Vanden Bos
Author
Peter Vanden Bos
Peter is a Toronto-based journalist, editor, content strategist, and self-professed avgeek with 15 years of experience covering all things travel. Prior to joining Daily Passport, he oversaw newsletter publication for Travelzoo. His favorite destinations to explore include Japan, France, Chile, New Zealand, and his adopted home country of Canada.

It’s an all-too-common complaint among air travelers: cramped airplane cabins. And it’s not just passengers who have noticed — some politicians have even urged the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to consider establishing minimum airplane seat sizes. With seats that are too small for the average passenger, there are potential risks when it comes to safely evacuating an airplane during an emergency, but comfort is at stake, too. Here’s why airplane seats have been getting smaller — and how to avoid getting stuck in one on your next flight. 

Seat Pitch Has Shrunk in the Past 30 Years

View of airplane cabin from back to front
Credit: keanu2/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

“Seat pitch” is the term airlines use to describe the distance from the point on one seat to the same point on the seat in the next row. In simpler terms: legroom. According to an analysis conducted by USA Today, the average seat pitch among major U.S. airlines in economy class has dropped from a minimum of 31 to 32 inches in the 1990s to as little as 30 inches today. A difference of 1 to 2 inches may not sound like a lot, but it’s a noticeable difference once you’re in the seat, especially if you’re above average height. 

It’s worth noting, too, that in many cases the seatbacks themselves are thinner. These newer-generation “slimline” seats help airlines squeeze in more revenue-generating seats per aircraft. Airlines have redesigned them for more personal space by, for example, placing magazine pockets higher or reducing the size of tray tables. But this also “allows airlines to claim that passengers have as much above-the-knee ‘personal space’ as they did before, even if the seats are slightly closer together below the knee,” USA Today notes. And since the seats are slimmer, the padding is reduced, which can also have a noticeable impact on passenger comfort. 

In addition to seat pitch, seat width has also taken a hit. The average width on many U.S. airlines has shrunk from 18.5 inches to 17 inches since the 1960s, despite the fact that the average American man is 30 pounds heavier today, according to the Washington Post. This has raised safety concerns and the question of whether the government needs to mandate a minimum seat size. 

Recently, several bills have been introduced in Congress, and the FAA has also solicited public opinion on the matter, but so far nothing has been set in stone. In 2022, the Justice Department said the FAA’s “examination of existing evidence has not yet demonstrated a safety need for minimum seat dimensions,” but the FAA continues to “diligently examine” the issue, per Reuters.

Rising Costs and More Competition 

Airline passenger looking across aisle
Credit: skynesher/ E+ via Getty Images 

To understand why legroom is shrinking, start by looking at the higher costs and increased competition airlines are facing compared to 30 years ago. Notably, the rise of ultra-low-cost carriers (ULCCs) over the past several decades has put downward pressure on airfares. These carriers charge fares as low as $19 one way, but their business model is based on upselling passengers on everything from seat assignments to carry-on baggage and even printing their boarding pass at the airport. 

Budget airlines can also offer such low fares because they fit more seats into each aircraft — while legacy airlines like Delta offer a minimum of 30 inches of pitch, you’ll find even less room (28 to 29 inches) on carriers like Spirit and Frontier. As these carriers grow, the average seat pitch across the industry has been reduced. 

Recently, airlines have also contended with surging fuel prices, labor shortages, and higher labor costs. While they’ve passed those costs onto customers — ticket prices jumped a whopping 25% from 2023 to 2024 — airlines are also looking to generate more revenue wherever they can find it. By reducing legroom, they can squeeze in more seats — and also charge a premium for extra legroom in economy class or encourage more passengers to pony up for first class.  

But how much tighter can airline cabins get? In 2017, American Airlines announced plans to retrofit and add more seats to its Boeing 737-800. While the majority of economy-class seats were reduced from 31 to 30 inches of pitch, three rows at the back of the aircraft got only 29 inches of legroom — similar to the pitch on airlines like Spirit. The airline faced enough backlash that it announced it would reverse its decision, so it seems unlikely that legroom will get any tighter on major carriers, at least for now. 

How To Get More Legroom on Your Next Flight

Close-up view of passengers in economy class seats on airplane
Credit: VeeStudio89/ E+ via Getty Images 

If you’re looking for a little extra space to stretch out, it’s not all bad news. First, some U.S. airlines still offer above-average legroom. On JetBlue, the space between seats is a minimum of 32 inches — the most of any U.S. carrier. Some international carriers offer even more space; for example, Japan Airlines has 34 inches of legroom in its regular economy seats, which should help you get a little more comfortable on a long-haul flight. 

If you’re flying an airline with tighter seat pitch, there’s also a good chance you can pay more for better legroom. These extra-legroom economy seats go by different names: Economy Plus on United Airlines, Comfort+ on Delta, or Main Cabin Extra on American, for example. And in late 2024, Southwest Airlines announced plans to offer extra-legroom seating on its aircraft; soon, passengers will be able to pay an additional fee to secure up to 5 more inches of space. Plus, if you have elite status on an airline, you can often select these seats free of charge.  

There are a few other tips and tricks to score a seat with more room. When you book, you can look up a detailed seat map for the aircraft you’re flying on to spot any irregularities — for example, look for seats at exit rows that don’t have another seat in front of them. Better seats sometimes open up closer to check-in and boarding, too, so it’s worth keeping a close eye on the seat map up to departure. And a little strategy goes a long way: According to some travel experts, seats toward the back of the cabin tend to get picked last, so there’s a greater chance of having an unoccupied seat next to you — which many would consider a priceless perk in an era of ever-shrinking economy seats. 

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History

5 Ancient Roman Roads That Are Still in Use

By Julia Hammond
Read time: 5 minutes
October 16, 2024
Updated: October 21, 2024

5 Ancient Roman Roads That Are Still in Use

By Julia Hammond
Author
Julia Hammond
Julia is a U.K.-based travel writer whose work has been featured in The Independent, The Telegraph, The New Zealand Herald, and Culture Trip, among others. She’s an enthusiastic advocate for independent travel and a passionate geographer who has had the privilege of traveling to more than 130 countries in search of a story.

At its peak, the Roman Empire spanned a vast area of nearly 2 million square miles, encompassing much of Europe as well as parts of North Africa and the Middle East. As a consequence, the Romans constructed a far-reaching network of roads in order to be able to facilitate trade and move their armies efficiently throughout the empire, which lasted for over 1,000 years and fell in 476 CE. The Romans were skilled builders, and some of the roads built during this time have stood for more than 2,000 years. In some cases, the stones on which those earliest users once walked are still visible, while others have been resurfaced so that they are suitable for use by modern vehicles. Discover five ancient Roman roads that are still in use today in one form or another.

Via Appia Antica – Italy

Appian Way in modern-day Italy lined with trees
Credit: Guido Cozzi/Atlantide Phototravel/ Corbis Documentary via Getty Images 

Via Appia Antica — known in English as the Appian Way — is one of the oldest Roman roads, built to connect Rome to Brindisi (then known as Brundisium) in what’s now southern Italy. The first section dates from 312 BCE, and an additional stretch was added in 244 BCE. The engineering was impressive for the time period: A base layer of heavy stone blocks was cemented together with lime mortar and topped with a smooth layer of basalt blocks that formed a durable surface. The edges of the road were also curved slightly to ensure water would run off. 

These days, part of this ancient Roman road is protected and forms the Parco dell’Appia Antica — one of the largest urban parks in Europe, located in Rome. However, most of the gray setts (rectangular stones) that form the road aren’t that old. Instead, look out for larger stones such as those close to Villa Livia or Tomba di Seneca. 

The Cardo Maximus – Jordan

The Cardo Maximus ancient Roman road in modern-day Jordan, flanked by ruins of columns
Credit: undefined undefined/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Many of the best-preserved roads from the days of the Roman Empire now form part of archaeological sites. In Gerasa (now Jerash), Jordan, the Cardo Maximus was an important artery, the earliest part of which dates to the first century CE. It is often referred to as the Colonnaded Street because of the columns that flank it; in the past, there were around 500 of them in total. 

Today, you can walk past them as you stroll from the Oval Plaza to the main Damascus Gate of the Cardo. A highlight along the way is the well-preserved ruin of the Nymphaeum fountain, where water once flowed through seven carved lions’ heads under a half-domed roof. Along the street, you’ll also see that the grooves worn by ancient chariots are still clearly visible. Be sure to look for the holes at the side of the road, as they indicate where rain once flowed into ancient sewers.    

Pompeii’s Stepping Stones – Italy

Stepping stones lined with ruins in Pompeii, Italy
Credit: xenotar/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Like in Jerash, the cart ruts that you see in Pompeii’s streets are deeply entrenched and impossible to miss. Here, they have been preserved for centuries under a thick layer of ash and pyroclastic flows that blanketed the city during the 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius. Mark Twain wrote about them in his 1869 travelogue The Innocents Abroad, bemoaning the fact that “ruts five and even ten inches deep were worn into the thick flagstones by the chariot wheels of generations of swindled taxpayers.” 

These days, visitors might also notice the worn stepping stones, placed across the street so pedestrians could cross without getting wet feet. Unlike in Jerash, in Pompeii there was no effective sewer system, and water would have collected in the void between its sidewalks. 

Cam High Road – England

View of the Cam High Road through rolling hills of northern England
Credit: M Kyle/ Alamy Stock Photo

Cam High Road, located in the heart of Yorkshire Dales National Park in northern England, was built during the first century CE. Today, it’s highly unusual to see a completely straight road marked in a part of England where winding country lanes are the norm. This remote upland road is lined by dry stone walls that disguise the existence of the curved-top platform; without them, this signature feature of a Roman road would be much more obvious. 

This Roman byway once linked Ingleton to Virosidum Fort, a defensive structure close to the village of Bainbridge. The fort has long been abandoned, and very little is visible today. Instead, visitors can reach the highest point on the road at 1,893 feet above sea level for the views overlooking verdant Wensleydale valley and Semer Water, a lake with glacial origins. 

Puerto del Pico – Spain

Stepping stones surrounded by mountains on the Puerto del Pico ancient Roman road in modern-day Spain
Credit: Classic Image/ Alamy Stock Photo

Puerto del Pico is a Roman road that dates from the second century BCE. It takes its name from a high altitude pass that cuts through the Sierra de Gredos, a mountain range in central Spain. The Romans built the road to link a fortress in Abula (now called Ávila) with roads to the south, such as those through the Tiétar Valley, and to connect with roads leading to the city of Toledo and the Extremadura region. 

For centuries, the Puerto del Pico has been used as a cattle track. Transhumance, the practice of bringing livestock down from the higher pastures in winter, is still common in the area, and this road has long been used as a route for farmers to lead their cows down to more sheltered valleys. Hikers will appreciate the bucolic landscape through which this Roman road winds, especially as they leave behind stands of pines and juniper scrubland and the olive and citrus groves of the south.

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Tips

Why You Should Never Take Off Your Shoes on an Airplane

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 3 minutes
October 16, 2024
Updated: October 16, 2024

Why You Should Never Take Off Your Shoes on an Airplane

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

After a long walk through the airport and onto the plane, you may be tempted to kick off your shoes to get more comfortable. You’re not alone: According to a survey conducted by travel company Kayak, 44% of passengers do take off their shoes on flights. But on a large commercial aircraft shared with the company of strangers, is this a good idea? Here’s why travel experts say you should never take off your shoes on a plane.

Consider Sanitary Reasons

Airline passenger rolling suitcase through airplane aisle
Credit: izusek/ E+ via Getty Images Plus 

The truth is that while planes are cleaned between each flight, they rarely undergo a deep cleaning. According to CBC, cleaning crews typically have less than 15 minutes to tidy up on so-called “turn cleans” between flights. Their efforts are mostly focused on superficial cleaning — such as removing trash and checking lavatories and galleries — and there’s little time to wipe down high-touch surfaces (which have been found to be the dirtiest parts of an airplane). So while the carpet may look clean, chances are there’s tons of grime deep down in the fibers from a combination of outside dirt, spilled drinks, and other mysterious fluids. It may seem like common sense, but it’s worth reiterating that you should steer clear of going into the lavatory barefoot, as crews generally aren’t responsible for wiping up liquid on the bathroom floor.

In Case of Emergency

Flight attendants in aircraft aisle speaking to passengers
Credit: mnbb/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

This may not be the first thing travelers consider, but keeping your shoes on is also critically important in case of emergency. Travel writer and aviation expert Christine Negroni told The Sun that she encourages passengers to wear their shoes during takeoff, landing, and other moments of the flight where there’s an increased risk of something going awry. As she explained, “If you escape an aircraft, the floor could be very hot or cold, it might be covered in oil or on fire, or in a cornfield,” which may result in serious injuries to your feet if you need to hastily evacuate. For this reason, it’s also better to wear sneakers than open-toed shoes, because they offer additional protection against hot asphalt, shattered glass, and more hazards that you may encounter in the event of an emergency.

To Prevent Swelling

Close-up view of airline passenger's feet underneath seat
Credit: Matej Kastelic/ Shutterstock 

Taking off your shoes may sound like the most comfortable option on a long flight, but doing so may also lead to excess swelling. Per the Mayo Clinic, foot and leg swelling is a common issue for travelers, due in part to the fact that you’re sitting for a long time without moving. Comfortable and practical footwear can provide proper support and compression to cut down on swelling. Be careful not to wear shoes that are too tight, however, as that can restrict blood flow. Also, if you remove your shoes and your feet do swell up, it could be more difficult to get the shoes back on at the end of the flight. Keep your shoes on the whole time and you won’t have to worry about squeezing your sore and swollen feet back inside.

It’s Poor Etiquette

Airline passenger reading book and resting knees on seatback in front
Credit: izusek/ E+ via Getty Images 

According to a 2022 airplane etiquette survey, 23.59% of passengers are deeply bothered when another passenger removes their shoes. This ranks slightly higher than dealing with unwanted flirting, and just below when someone listens to loud music. A further 48% of flyers find pungent body odors to be a major disturbance, and feet are among the smelliest parts of the body. At the end of the day, keeping your shoes on is the best way to practice good airplane etiquette — and avoid earning any judgmental glares from your fellow flyers.

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Culture

The Greenest Cities in the U.S.

By Marissa Kozma
Read time: 6 minutes
October 16, 2024
Updated: December 19, 2024

The Greenest Cities in the U.S.

By Marissa Kozma
Author
Marissa Kozma
Marissa is a cheap airfare aficionado who loves exploring offbeat destinations with her husband. Based in Los Angeles and Joshua Tree, Marissa has been featured in publications such as San Diego Magazine, Palm Springs Life Magazine, 303 Magazine, and Mountain Living.

Across the U.S., many cities have worked to improve public transportation, build new greenspaces and bike paths, implement recycling programs, and introduce clean energy initiatives — all part of an effort to offset carbon emissions, reduce pollution, and better the environment. Wondering which cities have earned the best sustainability marks? According to a 2024 study from real estate website RealityHop, these 10 U.S. cities are the greenest in the nation.

10. San Jose, California

Cityscape of downtown San Jose, California
Credit: DenisTangneyJr/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Home to Scarlet Solar Energy Park, a 1,600-acre solar power plant that powers 60,000 residences, San Jose earns 10th place in the report of America’s greenest cities. More than 2.1 million square feet of the Bay Area city’s facilities have achieved green building certification, and San Jose also boasts the world’s largest dry fermentation anaerobic digestion facility, which converts organic waste into roughly 32,000 tons of compost. 

The city, located approximately 50 miles southeast of San Francisco in the heart of the Silicon Valley tech region, is also working to plant 100,000 new trees and create 100 miles of interconnected trails as it works to become greener — a boon for residents and visitors alike. The city’s efforts toward sustainability have paid off in at least one respect: In a separate study, San Jose ranked as the No. 3 happiest city in the nation for 2024.

9. San Diego, California

Palm trees in front of high-rises in downtown San Diego, California
Credit: benedek/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Located approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles, San Diego is committed to having 16% of miles driven be zero-emission by 2030, which explains why the city has 1,897 public EV charging stations — one of the highest numbers in any American city.

The Southern California city — home to some of the country’s best weather — also features the Miramar Greenery, an organics processing facility that composts food scraps, converts green waste into landscaping materials, and creates energy from decomposition byproducts. Even San Diego International Airport has gone green, with the airport installing a stormwater collection system that reuses stormwater for its landscaping and cooling towers.

8. Sacramento, California

Aerial view of yellow bridge over the Sacramento River with downtown high-rises
Credit: JasonDoiy/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

Another California city takes eighth place when it comes to sustainable practices. Not only is it one of America’s most underrated state capitals to visit, but Sacramento also rewards its residents for sustainable practices. They receive rebates when they install water-efficient toilets and washers in their home, convert their sprinklers to drip irrigation systems, and incorporate drought-tolerant landscaping with native plant species in their yard. The city also adopted the Streetlight Conversion Project, which replaced traditional streetlights with more efficient LEDs. 

7. New York, New York

High-rise buildings in Manhattan, New York City
Credit: winstonwolf89/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

New York ranks as one of America’s greenest cities, thanks in part to its transportation system, which produces fewer greenhouse gases than its buildings. The mass transit system of subways, buses, and taxis allows for easy mobility and environmentally friendly commuting, but New Yorkers claim there’s still more work to be done. That includes investing in pedestrian- and bike-friendly lanes and upgrading current public transit. In 2015, the city also planted its millionth tree as part of the MillionTreesNYC project, and it is currently working to improve its sewer system and control storm flooding by building rain gardens and designing future roads and walkways with porous pavement. 

6. Spokane, Washington

Riverfront clock tower in Spokane, Washington
Credit: William Krumpelman/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Spokane is proud of its urban forest and encourages residents (and visitors) to recognize its Heritage Trees, which are species in the community admired for their historical significance, impressive size, or rare horticulture value. These trees are protected and well cared for, which is one reason why the city is the sixth-greenest metropolis in America, according to the report. Spokane is also notably bike-friendly, with 113 miles of paths, greenways, and shared-use lanes. The city receives sustainable hydropower from the Upriver Dam, which generates enough electricity for 6,000 homes annually.

5. Oakland, California

Cityscape of downtown Oakland, California
Credit: JasonDoiy/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Oakland aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 56% by 2030, and the city will soon be home to ARCHES, which claims to be the first clean, renewable hydrogen hub in the country. ARCHES aims to decarbonize heavy-duty trucking and port operations in the Bay Area city, and U.S. and California government officials hope the project’s success will inspire other metropolises nationwide to adopt hydrogen-powered energy plans. Oakland is also planning to improve air quality by planting more trees and transitioning city fleets to all-electric vehicles in the coming years.

4. Seattle, Washington

Cityscape of downtown Seattle, Washington
Credit: WilliamSherman/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Home of Amazon’s corporate headquarters, Seattle isn’t new to innovative technology, which is perhaps why companies, hotels, and city offices have often gotten creative when it comes to sustainable programs. The city opened the first net-zero-carbon certified arena, the Climate Pledge Arena, in 2021, and in 2019, Amazon committed to achieving net-zero carbon by 2040. Seattle has also mandated composting and garbage trucks that run on biodiesel and continues to add more bike lanes while transitioning to all-electric city buses, ride-share vehicles, and a light rail to and from SeaTac Airport.

3. San Francisco, California

Cable car on San Francisco street
Credit: Alexander Spatari/ Moment via Getty Images 

California is arguably the most eco-friendly state in the country, so it’s no surprise another Golden State city takes third place in the ranking of America’s greenest cities. Featuring one of the most robust public transit systems in the U.S., San Francisco offers an expansive network of historic cable cars, street cars, electric trolleys, hybrid MUNI buses, and light rail trains that make it easy for residents to commute and for tourists to explore the city without having to rent a car

Many locals also ride bikes to get around. Bay Wheels, a public bike share program, has more than 250 docking stations, while the Bike Match program connects bike owners with front-line workers and residents needing a bike. San Francisco also has impressive statistics when it comes to recycling: In 2002, the city adopted a goal of 75% waste diversion by 2010, but it met (and exceeded) the goal two years early

2. Washington, D.C.

Aerial view of Washington, D.C., with U.S. Capitol building in distance
Credit: Vladone/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

In 1791, the nation’s capital was designed by French city planner Pierre Charles L’Enfant, who came to the colonies to fight during the Revolution. L’Enfant’s team transformed the capital’s former landscape of marshes, forests, and plantations along the Potomac River into a city of stunning squares, public parks, and wide promenades reminiscent of other European metropolises. The result was a highly walkable city whose residents have access to more than 7,600 acres of greenspace, responsible for almost 20% of the city’s land. 

The walkability factor alone helps make D.C. the second-greenest city in the U.S., but the capital is also home to many farm-to-table restaurants and LEED-certified hotels and offices, several of which have in-house composting, recycling, and water reuse programs. Additionally, D.C. has implemented sustainable mandates to ban foam packaging and charge customers fees for using plastic or plastic bags at grocery stores. 

1. Portland, Oregon

Riverfront trail lined with fall foliage in Portland, Oregon
Credit: haveseen/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

The greenest city in first place is another West Coast gem. Portland, Oregon, is home to many eco-conscious residents, who consistently vote for taxes that go toward better public transportation and bike lanes, net-zero carbon emission measures, and other environmental-focused laws. Urban farming practices, eco-roofs on buildings, and compost collection bins are all part of the citywide efforts to combat climate change. Portland is also home to more than 400 miles of bike paths, 200 stormwater facilities, and 60 public school gardens, along with full-time garden educators so kids can learn about the environment, too.

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Tips

How Do Airlines Choose Which Movies To Play Onboard?

By Michael Nordine
Read time: 3 minutes
October 15, 2024
Updated: October 15, 2024

How Do Airlines Choose Which Movies To Play Onboard?

By Michael Nordine
Author
Michael Nordine
Michael is a staff writer for Daily Passport and film critic who writes the weekly newsletter Movie Brief. His writing and criticism have also appeared in the Los Angeles Times, Variety, and the Washington Post, among others. A native Angeleno, his favorite countries to visit are Norway and Japan.

For some travelers, watching a movie is an essential part of flying. Whether because it calms their nerves, helps them catch up on a blockbuster they missed in theaters, or both, getting lost in whatever’s playing on the seatback is intrinsic to the in-flight experience. But have you ever wondered why the newest Marvel movie is available but the rom-com you meant to see earlier this year is not? Or why the TV options so rarely consist of an entire season, or at least consecutive episodes rather than a random assortment? You’re far from alone. Take a look at how airlines decide which movies and TV shows to play onboard. 

What Airlines Consider

Airline passenger using touchscreen entertainment screen on seatback
Credit: andresr/ E+ via Getty Images 

The answer is both simpler and more complex than you might expect. Most airlines devote high-level positions to securing and curating in-flight entertainment, such as the Managing Director – In-Flight Entertainment at Delta Air Lines, who have myriad behind-the-scenes factors to consider. The first and most important is their audience, which isn’t unlike that of a typical multiplex insofar as it represents a cross-section of the entire country. As such, there needs to be a little bit of everything for everybody: action flicks and broad comedies for passengers who want something big and distracting, as well as low-key indies for travelers who are able to give a movie their full attention, even when it’s interrupted by occasional announcements from the pilot and cabin crew.

The team at JetBlue Airways, for instance, employs a content-strategy specialist whose duties include analyzing “trending, popular film and television content each month,” according to an interview with Business Insider, and curating their selections accordingly. This often entails licensing agreements with specific movie studios or streaming services. Those deals don’t last forever, and different movies and TV shows are available in-flight for different amounts of time — usually six months to a year for Delta, for example, and four to 10 months on JetBlue, according to the Business Insider report.

What the Data Says

View of seatback entertainment screens and passengers in seats from rear of airplane cabin
Credit: 97/ E+ via Getty Images 

Airlines also release viewership data on occasion, which is how we know that John Wick: Chapter 4 and Top Gun: Maverick were the most popular titles across all airlines in 2023, according to a Washington Post report. Those two blockbusters were followed by Ticket to Paradise, Barbie, A Man Called Otto, Fast X, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Avatar: The Way of Water, Minions: The Rise of Gru, Jurassic World Dominion, The Super Mario Bros. Movie, and Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny. In other words, the movies that tend to perform best at 30,000 feet are the same ones that do well at the box office.

Sometimes regional differences come into play, which may help explain why Jurassic World Dominion performs so well on Hawaiian Airlines, for example. Much of the series was filmed in Hawaii, and some travelers making their way to the islands understandably want to hear the John Williams theme song before making their final descent.

What About TV?

Child reclining in airplane seat watching in-flight entertainment screen
Credit: andresr/ E+ via Getty Images 

The television data is similar to that for film. Other than The Last of Us, one of last year’s buzziest and most well-received shows, viewers mostly went for familiar comedies such as Friends, Schitt’s Creek, and perennial favorite The Office, which was the most-watched program on four different airlines. In economy class, as on the couch at home, sometimes you just want to relax with a comfort show.

There are two genres you probably won’t see at cruising altitude, however: horror and disaster, especially if a plane crash is involved. This seems fairly self-explanatory. Flying is stressful enough without the person next to you screaming due to a jump scare, and even sillier fare like Snakes on a Plane isn’t a good idea to play on an actual plane.