Narrowing down the list of Earth’s incredible natural wonders to just seven standouts is a mighty task. But in 2008, the nonprofit group Seven Natural Wonders set out to identify and preserve the seven sites that surpass the rest — places so magnificent that they belong on any traveler’s bucket list. Read on to learn the fascinating stories behind the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.

Great Barrier Reef – Australia

As the largest coral reef on Earth, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is so massive, it’s the only living organism that can be seen from space. At 134,634 square miles, it’s also the world’s largest living structure. A rich and diverse ecosystem, the Great Barrier Reef is home to 600 types of coral, 3,000 varieties of mollusk, and 1,625 species of fish. But that’s not all — the reef provides ideal living conditions for some of the world’s most fascinating sea creatures, including turtles, sharks, rays, crocodiles, dolphins, whales, and sea cows. Since it consists of 2,100 individual reefs and 800 fringing reefs, there are plenty of accessible reefs for snorkelers who want a glimpse of the mesmerizing subaqueous world.

Aurora Borealis – Northern Hemisphere

Also known as the northern lights, the aurora borealis is a phenomenon that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly around the fall and spring equinoxes. Named for the goddess of the dawn from Roman mythology, Aurora, and the Greek god of the north wind, Boreas, this night sky occurrence is the result of particles colliding with Earth’s atmosphere. As a result, it can be challenging to predict precisely when it will occur, although certain locations have higher chances than others. Nicknamed “Mirrie Dancers” by the Irish and “Dance of the Spirits” by the Cree, the green, blue, and purple lights dance across the sky, making them a true wonder to behold.

Grand Canyon – Arizona 

Located in northwest Arizona, the Grand Canyon is nothing short of phenomenal. A mile deep and 227 miles long, the impressive gorge was formed by the Colorado River carving its way through rock for almost six million years. But the age of the rock in the Grand Canyon is older than the gorge itself, estimated to be between 250 million to nearly two billion years old. Archaeologists have unearthed artifacts from prehistoric humans who resided in the canyon nearly 12,000 years ago; it was also the home of Ancestral Pueblo people and the Havasupai people. Today, the Grand Canyon is protected national parkland and one of the most frequented national parks in the U.S., with roughly 6 million people visiting annually.

Parícutin – Mexico

Since scientists were able to study its life cycle in its entirety, Parícutin is unlike any other volcano in the world. In 1943, the volcano was “born” in a Mexican cornfield, exploding from the earth to create a six-foot-tall mound — seemingly out of nowhere. The fissure opened and began to erupt lava, and within a year, the volcano grew to 1,345 feet. The lava flowed for 52 square miles, destroying the nearby village of Parícutin, for which the volcano was named. After erupting for nine years, it suddenly stopped in 1952 and is now considered extinct. Visitors can now explore the cinder cone and the surrounding area, including the partially buried church in what was once the town of Parícutin, about five hours from Guadalajara.

Mount Everest – Tibet/Nepal

Located in the Himalayas, directly on the Tibetan/Nepalese border, Mount Everest stretches 29,029 feet into the sky, making it the tallest mountain on Earth to stand above sea level. Named for Sir George Everest, a Welsh surveyor for India, the mountain also goes by many other names. In Tibetan, the mountain is called Chomolungma, which translates to “Goddess Mother of the World.” In Sanskrit, it is referred to as Sagarmatha, or “Peak of Heaven.” Regardless of what it is called, the 60-million-year-old mountain is staggeringly beautiful, but also dangerous. A summit coveted by mountaineers around the world, this natural wonder is no easy feat to conquer, especially since expeditions take nearly two months from start to finish.

Victoria Falls – Zimbabwe/Zambia

These world-famous waterfalls are located on the Zambezi River, which delineates the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. Spanning the entire breadth of the Zambezi  — the fourth-largest river in Africa — the Victoria Falls dramatically plunge 355 feet over the river’s basalt cliffs. The result is nothing short of spectacular, with spray from the falls rising 1,000 feet into the air. Visitors can view the waterfall’s dazzling beauty from numerous vantage points, including Knife Edge Bridge and Boiling Point. For an extra-special view, short helicopter trips offer a mind-blowing perspective of the falls from the sky.

Guanabara Bay – Brazil

Also known as Guanabara Bay, the harbor of Rio de Janeiro is the largest bay in the world in terms of volume of water. As a result, the bay actually resembles a river — an illusion that inspired Portuguese explorers to name the city Rio de Janeiro, which translates to “River of January.” The harbor’s bright blue water is surrounded by mountains and monoliths, making it an undeniably beautiful sight. From Sugar Loaf Mountain, which juts from the water at the mouth of the bay, to Mount Corcovado, home of Christ the Redeemer, there are plenty of vantage points from which to take in the harbor’s splendor. Even better, these sites can be reached by exciting modes of transportation, including cable cars that carry you to Sugar Loaf’s summit and a cog train that takes you straight up Mount Corcovado.

Over 22.3 million people traveled to Portugal in 2022, many heading straight to the picturesque coastal cities of Lisbon and Porto or the historic Douro Valley wine region. But outside of these popular mainland spots lies a remote Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean that many overlook — the Azores. Today, adventurers visit this autonomous region to explore its remarkable natural wonders and immerse themselves in the islands’ local culture and unspoiled paradise. Below, discover everything you need to know about the region’s fascinating history, its otherworldly volcanic landscapes, and essential tips for planning the bucket-list trip to the Azores you never knew you needed.

Before You Go

In the Azores, like in much of Portugal, it’s common to come across locals who speak English, especially in tourist hubs like Ponta Delgada on São Miguel Island. But in other parts of the islands, knowing some Portuguese will definitely come in handy. That’s where Babbel can help. Their lessons can help you master Portuguese in as little as 10 minutes a day. Say “bom dia” to days of adventure in the Azores, with Babbel.

A Fascinating History

Discovered by Portuguese explorers in the 15th century, the Azores are a group of nine islands located about 900 miles west of the Portuguese mainland. While newer evidence suggests that Norse seafarers might have actually predated Portuguese settlement by about 700 years, Portuguese explorers Diogo de Silves and Gonçalo Velho Cabral first reached the uninhabited southernmost island of Santa Maria in the Azores in 1427. The archipelago remained sparsely populated until 1439, when settlers from mainland Portugal and, eventually, other European countries such as France and Spain, started arriving. Over the next 60 years, all of the islands would eventually be settled. 

Settlers harnessed the islands’ fertile volcanic soil to initially cultivate wheat and sugarcane. After European farm animals were introduced to the islands, dairy also fueled economic expansion. By the early 17th century, the islands had become susceptible to European attacks, eventually falling under Spanish control. However, by 1640, the Azores were once again under Portuguese rule. By this point, Ponta Delgada had become — and still remains — the capital of the Azores.

Following the restoration of the Portuguese monarchy, the islands maintained their importance as an agricultural and economic center — boosted significantly by the export of oranges to England starting at the the end of the 18th century. 

During World War II, the Azores also played a significant role as a base for Allied forces. The U.S. Navy established an air base on Santa Maria, later relocating it to its current home at Lajes Field on Terceira Island. The post-WWII period saw an increase in inter-island and European travel. Since then, the cultural tapestry of this archipelago has continued to be woven with both Portuguese traditions and distinct regional ones, all set against the backdrop of the Azores’ remarkable geology.

A Complex Landscape

Long before it was an idyllic vacation destination, the Azores existed deep within the earth. About 10 million years ago, the rugged island chain began to form over a mantle hotspot in the Atlantic Ocean. The Azores are often referred to as the “Hawaii of Europe,” due to the similarities in how they formed. However, unlike Hawaii, which is in the middle of a tectonic plate, the Azores formed along the edges of the North American, Eurasian, and African tectonic plates. These tectonic plates and their thickened crust experienced complex interactions and shifting, creating a perfect storm for the formation of the Azores.

The nine major islands and several islets that compose the archipelago add up to just over 900 square miles of land area. Each island has distinctive features that represent different stages in their geological evolution. 

Corvo — the smallest and most remote island — was formed by a major Plinian eruption, while São Jorge’s shape is long and slender, the result of fissure eruptions over millennia. The rugged terrain of valleys and escarpments on Flores were sculpted by extensive lava flow. Faial stands out as having the most recent volcanic formations, left after the devastating 1957 eruption. 

Meanwhile, Pico reigns as the highest peak in the archipelago, reaching over 7,700 feet, while Graciosa boasts the Furnas do Enxofre, the largest volcanic dome in Europe. The island of Terceira is nearly circular. São Miguel, the largest island, is the most volcanically active and is marked by numerous craters and spatter cones. Lastly, Santa Maria, the archipelago’s oldest island, is flatter than the other islands and is home to golden-sand beaches — a rarity among the region’s dark volcanic shores.

Off-the-Beaten Path Natural Wonders

Although the Azores have seen recent record increases in tourism, the region remains relatively unspoiled by mass tourism and is committed to being a sustainable destination. From the lush landscapes of São Miguel to the volcanic beauty of Terceira, Faial, Pico, and São Jorge, the Azores are a haven for outdoor enthusiasts. 

São Miguel, the largest island in the Azores, is home to the breathtaking Sete Cidades (which translates to “Seven Cities” in Portuguese). One of the archipelago’s top sights, the crater features picturesque twin blue and green lakes. The island’s Furnas region is known for its many hot springs and geysers and also has several famous black sand beaches — just be wary of the sand getting extra hot in the summer.

On Terceira, the stunning Algar do Carvão offers a rare opportunity to explore an ancient volcanic vent cave, while another dormant volcano, Monte Brasil, offers breathtaking panoramic views. 

Elsewhere on the archipelago, hiking the extensive network of trails available throughout the islands is a must — the ascent of Pico’s Mount Pico is a particularly challenging but rewarding option. Try canyoning in the lush forests, embark on whale-watching tours, go horseback riding, or paraglide over volcanic craters. For the more adventurous, the Azores boast numerous diving spots and expeditions with incredibly diverse marine life. 

Embracing the Local Culture

Aside from the most stunning natural beauty, the Azores are rich in culture. Among the top cultural attractions on the islands is the city of Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site fielled with charming streets and well-preserved architecture — the centerpiece of which is the majestic 16th-century Cathedral of Angra.

São Miguel’s capital, Ponta Delgada, is another cultural gem, with elegant churches and cathedrals, the vibrant Mercado da Graca food market, and several interesting museums. The Forte de Sao Bras details the island’s military history, while the Carlos Machado Museum houses a diverse collection of art and artifacts.

Local festivals and events also offer a deeper experience of Azorean culture. Not to be missed is the Sanjoaninas festival on Terceira. For 10 days in June, lively parades, music, and traditional performances take place through the streets. On São Miguel, the Festival of the Lord Holy Christ of Miracles takes place during the fifth week after Easter, drawing thousands of devotees and spectators to immerse themselves in the Azores’ faith-based culture. 

And then there’s the traditional Azores cuisine. Don’t miss the opportunity to try dishes such as cozido das furnas (a traditional meat dish cooked slowly underground in volcanic vents), alcatra (Portuguese pot roast), and queijadas (traditional custard tarts). Pico island’s wine region has long been revered for its ingenuity, and the UNESCO-recognized vineyards are cultivated in the island’s unique volcanic soil. To experience other Azorean industries, consider chartering a fishing boat, visiting dairy farms, or checking out São Miguel’s Gorreana tea factory — the oldest operational tea farm in Europe.

What to Know When Visiting the Azores

The Azores are grouped into Western, Central, and Eastern island clusters, and it’s important to plan your travel strategically. Plus, it’s always helpful to learn a few key Portuguese phrases before you go.

Inter-island flights are the most efficient (if also the most expensive) way to hop between islands, particularly when moving from one group to another. Ferries are a great option for shorter inter-group island trips. Taxis are readily available on the islands, and if you have a car rental, make sure you check with the rental agency before bringing it from one island to another. (And note that many of the roads in Azores are narrow and winding.) It’s also important to reserve your ferry trip in advance, as not all ferry lines or times allow vehicles.

Fortunately, the Azores’ location in the Atlantic means the climate is relatively mild year-round. However, the islands’ cool, damp mist and frequent winds can make it feel much colder, and the weather can be unpredictable — even with sunny skies, it’s a good idea to carry a light rain jacket  and maybe even an umbrella, considering things can change quickly, according to locals. Hiking attire, such as shorts and sturdy shoes, is also recommended for often muddy trails.

All told, the Azores promise an off-the-beaten adventure in a pristine natural paradise. By carefully planning your itinerary and immersing yourself in the local culture and landscapes, you’ll make the most of your visit to the one-of-a-kind  archipelago.

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Running through 14 states in the eastern U.S., the Appalachian Trail is one of the world’s longest hiking trails. For serious adventurers looking to tackle the entire route, it typically takes about five to seven months from start to finish. But even if you’re not seeking an epic trek, you’ll be fascinated to learn about the trail’s history and those who have made it all the way. Check out these eight facts you might not know about the Appalachian Trail. 

The Trail’s Origins Date Back to 1921

The Appalachian Trail was the brainchild of forester Benton MacKaye, who first proposed the route in an issue of the Journal of the American Institute of Architects. Claiming that the idea had come to him while he was sitting in a tree, MacKaye envisaged the trail as an escape from modern city life, a utopia of interconnected forest camps. In 1923, the first 18-mile section of trail opened, starting at New York’s Bear Mountain and winding its way to the hamlet of Arden.

The Appalachian Trail Conservancy (ATC) was established in 1925, and the completed trail finally opened in 1937, long after MacKaye had left the organization. In 1968, it became the country’s first National Scenic Trail. Today, the ATC is run entirely by volunteers, with 31 clubs along the route dedicating their time to maintain the trail, monitor flora and fauna, and carry out necessary repairs.

Its Exact Length Varies

The actual length of the trail varies according to which website, map, or guidebook you happen to be looking at. As of late 2023, the ATC currently lists it at 2,198.4 miles, while the National Park Service opts for a simpler 2,180-plus miles. One reason for the varying length is that the trail itself is ever-changing, even from one year to the next. Since its completion in 1937, 99% of the Appalachian Trail has been restored, rehabilitated, or relocated.

The trail officially begins (or ends) at Mount Katahdin in Maine, with the other end at Georgia’s Springer Mountain. The original southern point (until 1956) was Mount Oglethorpe, some 30 miles south of Springer Mountain. Although it passes through 14 states, the trail is not divided equally — 544 miles of the path is in Virginia, more than any other state, while a mere four-mile stretch crosses West Virginia.

The Change in Elevation Is Equivalent to Climbing Mount Everest 16 Times

Running the length of the Appalachian Mountains, the trail is unsurprisingly full of ups and downs. The lowest point of the trail is Bear Mountain State Park in New York, just 124 feet above sea level. The highest point is Clingmans Dome on the border of Tennessee and North Carolina, at 6,644 feet above sea level. Even considering the trail’s 2,000-plus-mile length, it can still come as a surprise to know that the elevation gain and loss hikers experience when walking the entire Appalachian Trail is the same as climbing Mount Everest from sea level and back a whopping 16 times.

More Than 20,000 People Have Completed the Trail

While an estimated 4,000 people set out every year with dreams of completing the Appalachian Trail, considerably fewer actually achieve that goal. Still, since its inception in 1937, more than 20,000 people have walked the entire trail. Fatigue (both physical and mental), illness, and injury are common causes for dropping out. Of course, most of the trail’s 3 million visitors each year plan to hike shorter segments. The ATC reports that thru-hikers (those who have hiked the entirety of the trail) have ranged in age from just 5 to 82 years old.

Even rarer than the already impressive thru-hikers are the yo-yoers. These are adventurers who reach the end of the trail, be it in Maine or Georgia, and then turn around to walk the whole thing again in the other direction. That’s almost 4,400 miles in one year.

But No One Walked the Entire Trail Until 1948

While more than 20,000 people have hiked the complete trail, that feat was not possible for the earliest trekkers. Hurricanes and road construction rendered parts of the path impassable, and the outbreak of World War II delayed any repairs. The first person to hike the trail in its entirety was Earl Shaffer in 1948. The Army veteran returned to complete the trail again in 1965, and a third time in 1998, when he was remarkably 79 years old. His hiking boots and journal from the first complete hike are now displayed in the Smithsonian Museum. Shaffer’s advice to future thru-hikers? “Carry as little as possible. But choose that little with care.”

The First Solo Female Thru-Hiker Was Emma Gatewood

A certain level of physical health is required to complete the trail, but doing so is certainly not limited to the young. Nor is it limited to those with a selection of expensive equipment. The first solo female thru-hiker was Emma “Grandma” Gatewood, who was 67 years old when she decided to walk the trail in 1955. She took little with her, wearing simple sneakers and throwing a few extra belongings in a duffel bag. Gatewood soon attracted press and relied on her foraging skills and the kindness of strangers to feed herself. After her groundbreaking achievement, Gatewood completed the Appalachian Trail a second time just two years later in 1957.

The Fastest Time to Complete the Trail Was 41 Days

Completing the trail takes an average of five to seven months, allowing for a daily pace of between 10 and 16 miles per day. This means it is vital to plan the trip around the seasons to avoid snow in the Northeast and the hottest days of summer in the South. However, a few hardy souls have been determined to set new records for the walk. The fastest was Belgian ultra-marathoner Karel Sabbe, who completed the trail in 41 days, 7 hours, and 39 minutes in 2018. Sabbe, who had a support team to help him along the way, broke the previous record held by Joe “Stringbean” McConaughy, who finished in 45 days, 12 hours, and 15 minutes in 2017.

You Will Need Lots of Food (But Probably Not a Map)

With hikers requiring roughly 5,500 calories per day to keep their energy up, they need to be sure to budget for food. After just a few weeks, thru-hikers may notice that they are burning so many calories, they never feel satisfied no matter how much they eat. At the trail’s halfway point, it is a tradition to stop for ice cream, but not just one or two scoops — half a gallon (a whopping four pints) is the customary amount. On average, thru-hikers lose 30 pounds during the six months on the trail.

One thing you probably won’t need? A map. A series of white blazes painted to trees highlight the route. In all, approximately 165,000 of these blazes help to guide hikers, with an average spacing of 70 feet between them. With the trail so well-marked, hikers can save a little room in their bags and leave the map at home.