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History

Here’s Where You Can Ride the World’s Shortest Railway

By Daily Passport Team
Read time: 4 minutes
October 9, 2024
Updated: October 9, 2024

Here’s Where You Can Ride the World’s Shortest Railway

By Daily Passport Team
Author
Daily Passport Team
Daily Passport writers have been seen in publications such as National Geographic, Food & Wine, CBC, Condé Nast Traveler, and Business Insider. They're passionate about uncovering unique destinations and sharing expert tips with curious travelers.

Long-distance train travel often makes for an unforgettable vacation. You can sit back, relax, and soak up epic scenery on a cross-country trip across Canada, a meandering journey through South Africa, or even a route that travels high into the mountains of Tibet. But what about the opposite end of the spectrum? There are some rail journeys that pass in the blink of an eye, but that doesn’t make them any less fascinating. Below, discover the surprising history of the world’s shortest railway and how to experience it for yourself.

A Historic Landmark

Angels Flight funicular surrounded by high-rise buildings of downtown Los Angeles, California
Credit: GDMatt66/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

You might be surprised to learn that the world’s shortest railway is located in the heart of a city famous for its love of automobiles. At the turn of the 20th century, the Bunker Hill neighborhood of downtown Los Angeles was a wealthy enclave lined with stately Victorian mansions. In 1901, Colonel J.W. Eddy, who was also a lawyer and engineer, proposed building a funicular here to make it easier for residents and other Angelenos to travel up and down the neighborhood’s namesake hill. The railway, which later became known as “Angels Flight,” opened to much fanfare on New Year’s Eve in 1901, with more than 2,000 people taking the short journey between Hill and Olive Streets on opening day. 

Just how short is the world’s shortest railway? The ride takes less than a minute, and the track measures 298 feet, or about the length of a city block. Angels Flight travels at a relatively steep 33% grade incline, and the funicular still employs its original two black-and-orange trams (named Sinai and Olivet, after the biblical mountains Mount Sinai and the Mount of Olives), which are counter-balanced and cable-drawn as they traverse a 30-inch narrow gauge rail track.

A Turbulent History

Orange-painted station for Angels Flight Railway in Los Angeles, California
Credit: PG/Bauer-Griffin/ GC Images via Getty Images 

By the 1940s, Angels Flight was carrying around 4,000 passengers daily, according to the Los Angeles Times. But after several changes in railway ownership, along with a societal shift for the neighborhood it served, Angels Flight was eventually decommissioned and dismantled in 1969. The effort was part of the city’s controversial redevelopment plans for Bunker Hill, as most of the buildings around the railway were demolished

The two original cars sat in storage for several decades, all while local advocacy groups such as the Los Angeles Conservancy petitioned the city for the historic landmark to be rehabilitated. Those efforts finally paid off in 1996, when Angels Flight reopened to riders as a historic landmark. Notably, the railway was restored half a city block from its original location, across from the city’s famous Grand Central Market

Sadly, five years later, the train closed once again after a fatal accident. After extensive repairs, Angels Flight reopened in 2009, but it closed during several other periods in the 2000s, including after a derailment in 2013, in which no injuries were sustained. After more safety upgrades, Angels Flight finally reopened to the public in 2017. 

Today, riders can board at the bottom station (a stunning example of beaux arts architecture) and ride to its upper counterpart at the Water Court shopping mall. The best part? The ride costs just a dollar each way, or 50 cents if you have a Metro card. The railway operates seven days a week, from 6:45 a.m. to 10 p.m., including holidays.

A Starring Role 

Lower station entrance with view of Angels Flight in downtown Los Angeles, California
Credit: Ian Dagnall/ Alamy Stock Photo

For over a century, Angels Flight has been an enduring landmark not just for those living in or visiting L.A., but also for those watching the big and small screen. The tiny trolley has had a starring role in television shows, books (such as Michael Connelly’s Angels Flight), video games, and more than 100 movies — from 2016’s La La Land to the 1963 cult classic The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies. So, even if you don’t make it to Los Angeles to experience it for yourself, there’s a good chance you can find a glimpse of Angels Flight on screen.

Other Short Railways

View of the Vatican Railroad with cityscape of Vatican City
Credit: NickolayV/ Shutterstock 

While Angels Flight holds the title of the world’s shortest railway, railroad buffs can find several other worthy competitors around the world. It’s no surprise that Vatican City — the world’s smallest country — is also home to the world’s shortest national railway system. The railroad opened in 1934 and covers less than 1,000 feet of track. Meanwhile, Britain’s Stourbridge branch line in the West Midlands runs for just 0.8 miles and claims to be the shortest railway in Europe. And in Canada, there’s the Fort George Railway, a popular tourist attraction in northern British Columbia, which is powered by a 1912 steam engine train that travels for just over a mile.

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Tips

8 States With the Cheapest Gas for a Road Trip

By Rachel Gresh
Read time: 6 minutes
October 4, 2024
Updated: October 4, 2024

8 States With the Cheapest Gas for a Road Trip

By Rachel Gresh
Author
Rachel Gresh
Rachel is a Washington, D.C.–based travel and lifestyle writer with roots in the Great Lakes region. When she’s not writing for publications such as The Discoverer and Interesting Facts, you’ll find her wandering through museums or exploring destinations off the beaten path.

With quirky roadside stops, jaw-dropping natural landscapes, historic sites, and famous landmarks, the U.S. is undoubtedly one of the best locales for adventurous road-trippers. But with 50 states to choose from, deciding where to travel can be overwhelming. One way to make the decision easier? Choosing a highway adventure that won’t break the bank. According to the AAA, the following states have gas prices well under the national average. So, full speed ahead for these eight epic — and inexpensive — road trip destinations in the U.S.

8. Arkansas 

Aerial view of fall foliage and river in Eureka Springs, Arkansas
Credit: JeremyMasonMcGraw.com/ Moment via Getty Images 

State average: $2.824 per gallon (prices accurate as of September 2024)

Road-trippers searching for both natural beauty and affordable gas prices need look no further than Arkansas, nicknamed “the Natural State” for good reason. Start with a drive through the Ozark Mountains, home to 1.2 million square acres of protected forests and mountain hiking trails. If you find yourself north of the Ozarks, head to Bentonville, home of Walton’s — Sam Walton’s first dime store, which would later become retail giant Walmart. Today, the original building is home to the Walmart Museum.

Just outside the capital city of Little Rock, you’ll find Hot Springs National Park. Situated in the namesake town of Hot Springs, the park features well-preserved 20th-century bathhouses that are perched over natural springs long said to have healing powers. Spend a day hiking before relaxing in one of the modern versions of these historic thermal bathhouses.

7. Louisiana

Statue and gardens at Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge
Credit: zrfphoto/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

State average: $2.803 per gallon

No trip to the Gulf Coast state of Louisiana would be complete without visiting the Big Easy, and, thankfully, it’s relatively affordable to do so thanks to the state’s low gas prices. Start off with a night out in the lively French Quarter neighborhood of New Orleans. From there, visit Louisiana’s castlelike Old State Capitol building in Baton Rouge or take a swamp tour in Lafayette.

Just outside of Lafayette, be sure to stop at Avery Island, the birthplace of Tabasco sauce, to enjoy a history-filled factory tour before hitting the road again. If hunger strikes on the road, head to the nearest town to try some authentic Creole and Cajun cuisine — staples include gumbo, jambalaya, and beignets.

6. South Carolina

Ferris wheel and hotels along Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Credit: benedek/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

State average: $2.796 per gallon

A road trip down the Atlantic Coast of South Carolina is worthy of an entire vacation, but luckily it will be a wallet-friendly one. From family activities along Myrtle Beach’s boardwalk to the quiet sunsets and pristine golf courses of Isle of Palms, there’s something in South Carolina for every type of traveler. This is also one of the most ecologically diverse states in the South, so don’t miss the opportunity to drive further inland.

In the heart of South Carolina lies Congaree National Park, a hardwood forest perfect for kayaking and canoeing. And in the northwest corner of the state are the Blue Ridge Mountains, a region dotted with charming mountain towns waiting to be explored by outdoorsy road-trippers. 

5. Texas

Buc-ee’s gas station and convenience store in Texas
Credit: Chad Robertson/ Alamy Stock Photo

State average: $2.793 per gallon

As the largest state by area in the lower 48, Texas has a lot of ground to cover. Road-trippers can start the journey with an American road trip essential: Buc-ee’s. Founded in Texas, this gas station chain is known for its lovable beaver mascot and sprawling aisles of snacks and convenience items. Its location in Luling (between San Antonio and Austin) is also the current record holder for the world’s largest convenience store.

The Lone Star State has no shortage of other famous attractions, from quintessential stops like the San Antonio River Walk and the Alamo historical site to the country’s largest state fair, the State Fair of Texas, held in Dallas every fall. Still, some of Texas’ most interesting roadside sights might be lesser-known stops, such as the colorful Cadillac Ranch and the indulgent Big Texan Steak Ranch, both located in Amarillo.

4. Alabama

Cityscape of Birmingham, Alabama
Credit: Sean Pavone/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

State average: $2.786 per gallon

Alabama offers the nation’s fourth-lowest gas prices on average, making the state a worthy contender for your next budget-friendly road trip. Begin with a stop in Huntsville, Alabama’s northernmost major city, to take in one of the world’s largest collections of rockets and extraterrestrial artifacts at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center. Farther south, Birmingham boasts many cultural and historic sites, including the Birmingham Botanical Gardens and the Civil Rights Institute, a history museum with artifacts from Martin Luther King Jr. and other prominent civil rights leaders.

If you’re a road-tripper who aims to visit every state capital, the magnificent domed Alabama State Capitol building in Montgomery is a must-see. Meanwhile, the state’s Gulf Coast is the perfect place to wind down after a busy trip. But if you’re looking for something a little more lively, head to the Gulf Shores or Orange Beach to see why spring breakers flock to this coastline annually.

3. Tennessee

Sign of Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee
Credit: CRobertson/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

State average: $2.783 per gallon

Tennessee is not only a music lover’s dream, but it’s also an affordable road trip destination. It’s home to the epicenter of country music in Nashville, including the Grand Ole Opry and the Country Music Hall of Fame. Tennessee’s state capital isn’t only for music, though — professional football and hockey games and a diverse culinary scene make it a destination for many other interests. (Make sure not to leave without trying the famous Nashville hot chicken.)

Other musical stops on the Tennessee tour include Elvis’ Graceland mansion outside Memphis and Dolly Parton’s Dollywood theme park in Pigeon Forge. As you travel the Volunteer State, you’ll also be able to take in the breathtaking scenery, including that of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern Tennessee, which boasts unbeatable mountain views at every turn.

2. Oklahoma

Route 66 Museum in Elk City, Oklahoma
Credit: giuseppe masci/ Alamy Stock Photo

State average: $2.766 per gallon

If you’re driving through Oklahoma, you’ll likely find yourself on Historic Route 66, which connects the state’s two largest cities, Tulsa and Oklahoma City. This well-preserved piece of Americana is perhaps the perfect route for a road trip — particularly if you’re a history buff. Travelers can learn more about the highway at the National Route 66 Museum in Elk City.

Another interesting Route 66 attraction, the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum, is located just north of Oklahoma City — a place that has been essential to Western culture, especially films and music. Throughout the Sooner State, you’ll also encounter cultural attractions, landmarks, and museums from the 67 Native American nations that call this state home. Consider stopping and learning more about their rich heritage.

1. Mississippi

Biloxi Lighthouse in Biloxi, Mississippi
Credit: Sean Pavone/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

State average: $2.715 per gallon

From well-loved attractions like Elvis Presley’s birthplace in Tupelo to lesser-known stops like the World’s Largest Rocking Chair in Gulfport, the attractions in Mississippi do not disappoint. And neither do the gas prices. With the country’s lowest average cost to fill up the tank, Mississippi offers road-trippers an affordable opportunity to visit all corners of this historic Southern state.

Mississippi is known for its casinos and civil rights historic sites, but it was also the birthplace of blues music. Don’t miss the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale or the B.B. King Museum in Indianola to learn more about the state’s significant influence on the genre. End your trip on the Gulf Coast in Biloxi, where beach resorts, casinos, and fresh seafood await.

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Tips

6 Surprising Things About Being a Flight Attendant

By Michael Nordine
Read time: 4 minutes
October 4, 2024
Updated: October 4, 2024

6 Surprising Things About Being a Flight Attendant

By Michael Nordine
Author
Michael Nordine
Michael is a staff writer for Daily Passport and film critic who writes the weekly newsletter Movie Brief. His writing and criticism have also appeared in the Los Angeles Times, Variety, and the Washington Post, among others. A native Angeleno, his favorite countries to visit are Norway and Japan.

You interact with flight attendants every time you get on a plane, but how much do you know about the profession? For most travelers, the answer is probably not much. Before your next trip, read these six fascinating facts about flight attendants to learn more about one of the most interesting jobs around.

They Typically Don’t Get Paid Until the Doors Close

Flight attendant standing at aircraft door overlooking airport tarmac
Credit: Getty Images/ Unsplash+

As glamorous as certain jet-setting aspects of being a flight attendant may be, their pay structure is controversial. The majority of flight attendants aren’t officially on the clock until the aircraft doors close, meaning everything that happens before that — closing the overhead compartments, helping passengers to their seats, and preflight activities in the airport — can be considered unpaid labor. This often adds up to several hours a day when cabin crew are technically working off the clock. 

This is a long-standing practice among airlines, which argue that flight attendants are compensated for their time on the ground in other ways, such as “minimum pay” arrangements. But as you can imagine, many flight attendants aren’t happy about this pay structure and have pushed for new laws to ensure they’re compensated for all their work, not just what they do once their aircraft is ready for takeoff. In 2022, Delta Air Lines became the first major U.S. carrier to offer boarding pay for flight attendants, which is currently half of their regular hourly rate. In 2024, flight attendants at American Airlines agreed to a new contract that includes a similar provision for boarding pay.  

On Long Flights, They Sleep in Shifts in Hidden Bunks

Crew rest bunks in aircraft
Credit: picture alliance/ via Getty Images

On shorter domestic flights, no one but a few lucky passengers dozing off in their seats will get any sleep. On long-haul journeys between continents, however, there are hidden crew rest compartments where flight attendants (and pilots) can catch a few z’s, as minimum crew rest regulations stipulate. Crew members do so in shifts. These small rooms are usually located above or below the passenger cabin and are off-limits to passengers, with nondescript doors that only crew members will recognize. Flight attendants are required to get at least three hours of rest on journeys lasting 14 hours, and four and a half hours on flights exceeding 18 hours.

There Are Physical Requirements, Including a Minimum and Maximum Height

Flight attendant stowing luggage in overhead compartment
Credit: Adene Sanchez/ E+ via Getty Images 

Most of the requirements for becoming a flight attendant are reasonably straightforward: They have to be at least 18 years of age (21 in some cases), have a valid passport, and be in good overall health. However, if you’re under 5 feet tall or over 6 feet tall, you may have a hard time getting hired. Most airlines have a test to ensure that prospective employees can reach the overhead compartments without trouble, whereas especially tall applicants might have trouble walking through the cabin comfortably. These requirements vary by airline, as do rules regarding facial piercings and visible tattoos.

They Often Stay in Shared Accommodations Called Crash Pads

Flight attendants walking through airport check-in lobby with their luggage
Credit: AzmanL/ E+ via Getty Images

If a flight attendant doesn’t live in the city where their position is based, which is more common than you might think, they’ll often find themselves far from home the night before a shift. Rather than spend money on a hotel every time this comes up, many will opt for a crash pad instead. These are no-frills, shared accommodations — sometimes in a hotel, sometimes in a private home — typically located a few miles from an airport, where cabin crew and pilots sleep in bunk beds and share expenses. More practical than glamorous, they’ve been compared to hostels for airline personnel. Some are co-ed, while others are only for women, only for pilots, or only for flight attendants.

Flight Attendant Training Takes Several Weeks or Even Months

Flight attendants in aircraft aisle pouring beverages for passengers
Credit: Anchiy/ E+ via Getty Images 

Though the processes vary by airline, most successful flight attendant applicants will receive a conditional job offer from a major carrier like American Airlines before enrolling in their training program. These programs typically last between three and six weeks, though some private academies take as long as 10 weeks. They cover every aspect of the job: the airline’s specific philosophy, boarding and deboarding processes, dealing with unruly passengers, and every other scenario that can arise at cruising altitude. Only upon successful completion of this training do flight attendants earn their wings and take to the sky.

You Might See Them Sitting on Their Hands During Takeoff

Flight attendant strapping into aircraft jump seat
Credit: Creative Credit/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

After flight attendants complete their final boarding checks and secure the cabin for takeoff, they pull down what’s known as a jump seat (part of a secret glossary of flight attendant terms). Then, they typically buckle up and sit on their hands. There’s a reason for that: The action is part of the brace position, which also includes placing feet flat on the floor and positioning the head as steady as possible. In the event of an emergency, this ensures that a flight attendant’s body would remain relatively rigid. This also means, should turbulence occur, there’s much less likelihood of the kind of injury that could be caused if their arm were suddenly flung into a bulkhead or seat.

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Culture

How 5 Other Countries Around the World Drink Their Coffee

By Marissa Kozma
Read time: 7 minutes
October 4, 2024
Updated: October 10, 2024

How 5 Other Countries Around the World Drink Their Coffee

By Marissa Kozma
Author
Marissa Kozma
Marissa is a cheap airfare aficionado who loves exploring offbeat destinations with her husband. Based in Los Angeles and Joshua Tree, Marissa has been featured in publications such as San Diego Magazine, Palm Springs Life Magazine, 303 Magazine, and Mountain Living.

Love drinking coffee? You’re not alone. Roughly 80% of Americans enjoy a cup of joe in the morning, and an estimated 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed every day around the globe. From French presses to Keurig machines, there are many ways to brew the beloved beans — but even more astounding is the variety of coffee drinks consumed internationally. The following countries boast some of the most interesting coffee cultures around the world. Discover what led to their coffee craze and how locals get their caffeine fix, which may even inspire you to try a new way of drinking coffee at home.

Italy

Cup of espresso on table overlooking the Italian coastline
Credit: encrier/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Traditional Italian coffee dates back to the 16th century. It was introduced by Venetian physician and botanist Prospero Alpini, who tried it during his expeditions to Egypt. In Venice, Caffè Florian — an extravagant parlor from the 1700s exhibiting neo-Baroque architecture — remains one of the oldest coffee houses in the world still operating today. Over the years, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Lord Byron, and many other notable artists and writers have enjoyed coffee here. 

In 1884, the Italian espresso machine was patented in Turin, which revolutionized the way coffee is prepared by using steam and boiling water. It also popularized bar-style serving, in which patrons indulge in an espresso shot while standing at a counter instead of sitting at a table. 

The tradition of bar serving is still popular in Italy today, but cafés also serve other traditional espresso drinks. These include a doppio (two shots of espresso), a caffè macchiato (espresso with a small amount of frothed milk), a cappuccino (equal parts espresso, steamed milk, and milk foam), a caffè latte (one part espresso and two parts steamed milk), a caffè corretto (an espresso drink with alcohol, such as grappa, brandy, or another liqueur), an Americano (espresso and hot water), and an affogato (espresso with gelato or ice cream). 

Ordering an espresso drink at a café in Italy is about savoring the moment, and many Italians enjoy one or two cups alone or in groups. The activity can last hours — it’s about appreciating the little luxuries in life, and there is nothing more important than taking the time to experience every note of the espresso beans. (Word to the wise, however: Italians tend to consume milk-based espresso drinks only in the morning hours — ordering a cappuccino after noon might make you stick out like a sore thumb.) 

Ethiopia

Coffee farm in Ethiopia
Credit: GlobalP/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

The discovery of coffee berries as stimulating fruits that could be brewed into the aromatic beverage we love today traces back to the Ethiopian highlands roughly 12 centuries ago. According to Ethiopian legend, a herder named Kaldi noticed that his goats seemed more energized after eating the red berries, so he brought the berries to a local monastery. The monks disapproved of the “magic beans” and purportedly cast them into the fire, where they roasted and emitted a rich aroma that was enticing enough to lead to more experimentation. Thus, the first brew was born. 

As the birthplace of coffee, Ethiopia honors the ancient drink with traditional coffee ceremonies. An Ethiopian coffee ceremony is an intricate process with three stages of roasting, brewing, and cupping using a wooden mortar and pestle, a charcoal brazier, a straw fan, and a jebena (a clay pot with a bulbous shape and slender spout). 

If you are invited to a coffee ceremony, it is customary to present the hostess with a simple gift such as incense or sugar, and the first cup will go to the eldest member of the group as a sign of respect. As a whole, the coffee ceremony is meant to signify friendship, trust, and respect in Ethiopian culture, and it is also a time for prayer and reflection in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. 

Finland

Aerial view of buildings and waterfront in Helsinki, Finland
Credit: ClaudineVM/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

According to many reports, the average Finn drinks roughly three to five cups of coffee every day. That means the Scandinavian country consumes the most coffee per capita of any country in the world, at 26 pounds of coffee per person per year. Some experts attribute the intense coffee craving to the minimal sunlight the country receives during harsh winter months, which causes Finnish citizens to require more caffeine to stay awake throughout the work day, but the warm drink is popular year-round. 

In Finnish culture, there are different names for a coffee break throughout the day, such as aamukahvi for morning coffee and iltapäiväkahvi for afternoon coffee. During the evening, there is also iltakahvi. Indeed, the love of coffee breaks is so strong in Finland that local labor laws require workers to take two 10- to 15-minute coffee breaks per day. Most Finns consume filtered light roast in small cups accompanied by a cake or pulla, a cardamom bun with vanilla icing. Many prefer their coffee black, but adding a little milk and sugar is becoming more popular. 

Enjoying a cup of coffee with someone in Finland is considered a friendly pastime to share casual conversation or engage in meaningful discussion, so it is impolite to refuse an invitation to meet for coffee, especially if it’s with a colleague. It is also considered disrespectful if you leave the table before everyone has finished their cup. 

Turkey

Colorful buildings in Istanbul, Turkey
Credit: GarySandyWales/ iStock Unreleased via Getty Images 

Playing a pivotal role in special occasions such as engagement ceremonies and holidays, Turkish coffee is so steeped in tradition, it was added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2013. The history of Turkish coffee dates back to 1555, when Syrian traders brought it to Istanbul, and the traditional method of brewing has been popular in coffee shops across the Middle Eastern country ever since. 

The process involves grinding freshly roasted Arabica beans into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle and brewing them in a long-handled copper cezve with sugar and water, until the mixture has a foamlike consistency. A stove is primarily used for brewing, but some Turkish coffee drinkers also cook the beans on coal, ashes, or even hot sand. The thick, mudlike mixture is heated and cooled repeatedly until it’s poured into demitasse cups (small cups) on top of saucers. 

Unlike an espresso shot, Turkish coffee isn’t meant to be consumed in a few sips. Rather, it is savored over the course of an hour or two in between conversation. Turkish coffee still contains grounds, so it’s important to sip carefully. The remaining grounds at the bottom of the cup are sometimes used to tell fortunes when you finish. 

Brazil

Aerial view of coffee fields in Brazil
Credit: wsfurlan/ E+ via Getty Images 

Brazil has been the world’s top coffee-producing country for more than 150 years, and today the South American nation grows roughly one-third of the world’s coffee beans. Brazil is expected to produce roughly 66.4 million 60-kilogram bags of coffee beans in the 2023-2024 growing season alone, according to the USDA. Since Brazil takes pride in its largest export, the drink has become a national symbol of hospitality, and it is customary to receive a complimentary cup wherever you go, even at the dentist or at a gas station. Brazilian children are also known to try sips of the warm beverage at a young age. 

Brazilians often indulge in a coffee drink known as a cafezinho, a pour-over-style coffee that is strained using an undyed cloth filter with a wooden handle. The handle is never to be washed with soap, as it would ruin the taste of the coffee. Many Brazilian people prefer the brewed roast served black at boiling hot temperatures with a lot of sugar, and you may also receive the drink in a paper or plastic cup as it is meant to be sipped quickly. 

It is customary to avoid using coffee makers and other complex devices like espresso machines, as well as preparing fanciful drinks with syrups, milk, and ice — many locals believe they corrupt the true flavor profile of the beans, which is what the country holds dear.

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Architecture

6 Beautiful Abandoned Churches You Can Visit

By Julia Hammond
Read time: 5 minutes
October 4, 2024
Updated: October 4, 2024

6 Beautiful Abandoned Churches You Can Visit

By Julia Hammond
Author
Julia Hammond
Julia is a U.K.-based travel writer whose work has been featured in The Independent, The Telegraph, The New Zealand Herald, and Culture Trip, among others. She’s an enthusiastic advocate for independent travel and a passionate geographer who has had the privilege of traveling to more than 130 countries in search of a story.

Throughout history, humans have built churches to come together for worship. While many centuries-old buildings retain their original function, others fall by the wayside, victims of natural disasters or the changing needs and values of the communities and societies they once represented. However, demolition is often a step too far; instead, the ravages of time take their toll, leaving these derelict structures to slowly decay. Despite that, many travelers are still drawn to them — and for good reason. Take a look at six of the most beautiful abandoned churches you can visit. 

Church of Viejo San Juan Parangaricutiro – Mexico

Aerial view of Church of Viejo San Juan Parangaricutiro surrounded by forest in Mexico
Credit: stacyarturogi/ Shutterstock 

Parícutin is one of the planet’s youngest volcanoes, having risen unexpectedly from a Mexican cornfield in 1943. Unlike any other volcanic eruption in the world, Parícutin exploded from the earth seemingly out of nowhere and began to erupt lava, and within a year, grew to 1,345 feet. As the eruption progressed, lava eventually engulfed the nearby village of San Juan Parangaricutiro, and its residents at the time gathered up what they could of their possessions and fled. 

Today, Parícutin’s cinder cone is dormant, and the volcano’s spectacular lava field has become a popular tourist destination. That’s largely thanks to the picturesque ruins of the village church, whose tower and altar remain largely intact many decades later. A popular way to visit the abandoned church is to arrange a guided hike or horseback ride in the neighboring village of Angahuan. 

Kirkstall Abbey – Leeds, United Kingdom

Ruins of Kirkstall Abbey in Leeds, United Kingdom
Credit: kelvinjay/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

When King Henry VIII authorized the Dissolution of the Monasteries Act in 1540, the writing was on the wall for many of England’s Catholic churches. Kirkstall Abbey — built by a community of Cistercian monks in 1152 on the bank of the River Aire — was one of them. When the order came, the abbey’s buildings were vacated rather than demolished and then were repurposed for agricultural use. However, time inevitably took its toll. Now part of the city of Leeds in central England, this impressive ruin is an incongruous sight amid 19th-century housing developments and modern buildings. Yet, that makes it easy to visit — a bus from the city center stops right beside the abandoned abbey.

City Methodist Church – Gary, Indiana

Ruins of City Methodist Church in Gary, Indiana, seen from inside
Credit: Boyd Hendrikse/ Shutterstock 

This grand church erected in the 1920s was once one of the largest places of worship in the Midwest. Built in the Gothic Revival style, it stood nine stories high, with vaulted ceilings, magnificent stained glass windows, and a chancel carved from oak. Over the years, the church’s congregation dwindled, while the costs of maintaining such a huge building soared. So, in 1975, City Methodist Church closed for good. However, that hasn’t deterred curious visitors, who come to see what remains of the once-beautiful structure. Be advised that it’s wise to admire it only from the outside, as the structure is considered too unstable for tours of its cavernous interior.

Churches of Ani – Kars, Turkey

Abandoned church in Ani, Turkey, seen from above
Credit: Izzet Keribar/ Stone via Getty Images 

Ani was once the capital of the medieval Armenian kingdom of the Bagratides, and today it is located on the Turkish side of the present border between the two countries. Sadly, time wasn’t kind to the settlement. It was the target of a Mongol invasion in 1239 and later suffered extensive damage during an earthquake in 1319. However, this once-thriving city is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which has helped preserve what remains of its buildings. Several abandoned stone churches survive in various states of repair, among them Surp Asdvadzadzin (the Church of the Holy Mother of God), Surp Arak’elots Church (the Church of the Holy Apostles), the Church of St. Gregory of Abumarents, and the Church of St. Gregory of Tigran Honents.

Church of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island – India

Abandoned church overgrown with foliage on India's Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Island
Credit: CRS PHOTO/ Shutterstock

Previously known as Ross Island, this small island opposite Port Blair was the administrative headquarters of a British penal settlement prior to India’s independence. For a short period during World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese military and used as a war prison, but it was largely abandoned by the end of the decade. However, it’s now possible to take a boat trip over to the island, where deer graze freely surrounded by lush vegetation.

One of the most interesting ruins here is the Presbyterian church of St. Andrew, which was likely built in the late 1850s out of local stone and Burmese teak, with stained glass windows that were imported from Italy. Its first vicar was Reverend Henry Fisher Corbyn of the Bengal Ecclesiastical Establishment, who held services here from 1863 to 1866.

Church of Falealupo – Savai’i Island, Samoa

Abandoned church in village of Falealupo on Savai’i Island, Samoa
Credit: Wirestock/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

In 1990 and 1991, two devastating cyclones, Ofa and Val, hit the island of Savai’i in Samoa. Afterward, displaced residents of the village of Falealupo were forced to move inland. They left behind the ruins of their homes and their Catholic church, which now stands alone as a poignant reminder of the tragedy, with a central statue that provides a focal point for visitors in its courtyard. About 40 miles east is another abandoned church, the casualty of an early 20th-century eruption of Mount Matavanu. Lava flows have swallowed up this church, filling its stone arches and causing irreparable damage to its walls and roof. Close by, however, you can visit the Virgin’s Grave, which was miraculously spared.

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Tips

Check Into These 5 “Secret” Hotel Rooms

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 5 minutes
October 4, 2024
Updated: October 8, 2024

Check Into These 5 “Secret” Hotel Rooms

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

If you’re tired of staying in perfectly comfortable, yet boring hotel rooms, there’s good news: Some hotels offer secluded suites that can seriously elevate your stay — but only to guests who are in the know. Some of these exclusive rooms require you to contact the hotel and submit a special application, while others will just run you a pretty penny. Either way, booking one can potentially turn your next getaway into the trip of a lifetime. Here are five “secret” hotel rooms that are worth checking into.

Suite 5000 at the Mandarin Oriental – Manhattan, New York

Suite 5000 at the Mandarin Oriental, New York, with views of Manhattan skyline
Photo credit: Image courtesy of Mandarin Oriental, New York

Located steps from Central Park, the Mandarin Oriental, New York, lives up to its five-star reputation no matter which room you stay in. But one of the most exclusive experiences at this luxury hotel is found on the 50th floor in Suite 5000. Covering a staggering 3,300 square feet of living space, this room is the pièce de résistance among the hotel’s 244 rooms and suites. A stay in Suite 5000 may run as much as an eye-watering $36,000 per night, though it’s large enough that you could split the cost with friends and loved ones. 

The exclusive suite features two bedrooms, two full bathrooms along with a powder room, a living room, dining room, kitchen, media room, and floor-to-ceiling windows that provide breathtaking views of Central Park, the Hudson River, and the New York City skyline. There’s even a wall made of Swarovski crystals, not to mention a curated record collection for guests to enjoy. Contact the Mandarin Oriental, New York, for more information about booking a stay in Suite 5000.

Room 711 at Union Station Hotel – Nashville, Tennessee

Interior of Room 711 at Union Station Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee
Photo credit: Image courtesy of The Union Station Nashville Yards

Nashville’s Union Station Hotel boasts a prime location on Broadway in the heart of Music City. What makes Room 711 extra special, though, is that you’ll share it with a permanent year-round guest. According to local legend, Room 711 is forever occupied by the spirit of a 20-year-old girl named Abigail, who tragically died on the nearby train tracks during World War II. Her ghost supposedly chose this particular room because it offers a perfect view of those very tracks. 

While some guests don’t buy into the story, others have reported hearing furniture dragged along the floor or seeing flickering lights coming from the room. All of these unusual happenings have earned this hotel a reputation for being one of the most haunted hotels in America. So, if you’re looking for a bit of excitement on your next getaway, contact the Union Station Hotel and ask when Room 711 is next available.

Jackie Gaughan Suite at El Cortez Hotel – Las Vegas, Nevada

Upscale decor inside the Jackie Gaughan Suite at El Cortez Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada
Photo credit: Image courtesy of Chris Wessling

El Cortez Hotel and Casino, a hidden gem about a 10-minute drive north of the Vegas Strip, is home to one of the best secret suites in Sin City: the Jackie Gaughan Suite. This onetime penthouse-level residence of the hotel’s former owner is now available for lucky guests to book. Its outside balcony offers spectacular views of Las Vegas, but it’s the retro decor inside the suite that makes this room truly memorable. 

Many of the original features were picked out by Jackie himself when the hotel opened in the 1940s, such as oversized shag pillows to rest your head against and a pink marble tub with golden swan-shaped faucets. The suite encompasses 2,700 square feet of living space, and you’ll also gain access to a dedicated concierge to help make your stay all the more comfortable. Contact El Cortez to learn more about this exclusive experience.

Hilltop Villa at COMO Laucala Island – Laucala Island, Fiji

Overhead view of bungalows at Fiji's COMO Laucala Island resort, surrounded by lush tropical vegetation
Photo credit: Image courtesy of Como Hotels and Resorts

The approximately 330 islands that make up Fiji are a true tropical paradise. One of the most in-demand islands to visit is Laucala Island, where you can stay in one of only 25 suites at the luxurious COMO Laucala Island. Of those, nothing beats the secluded Hilltop Villa, which you need to either apply for or be specially invited to stay in.

This suite offers 131,319 square feet of private space both inside and outside. You’ll be surrounded by lush tropical forests as well as stunning views of the glistening Pacific Ocean, all of which can be enjoyed while taking a dip in the two-tiered swimming pool. Those lucky enough to stay in the Hilltop Villa can even arrive in style on a private runway, so you’ll feel like you’re truly isolated from the rest of the guests. Contact the hotel for more details on how to apply.

Owner’s Suite at Hotel Bennett – Charleston, South Carolina

Balcony of Owner's Suite at Hotel Bennett overlooking church tower and Charleston skyline at sunset
Photo credit: Image courtesy of Drew Castelhano

Not only does Hotel Bennett have a great name, but it’s also home to one of the most exclusive hotel suites in the country. Spanning two stories and spread out over about 2,380 square feet, the Owner’s Suite has all the standard amenities that you’d expect at an upscale hotel. But it also comes with a private butler’s pantry (and a dedicated butler, too), a personal wine cooler, an integrated sound system, and special welcome gifts. The suite even features an 838-square-foot wraparound terrace, providing beautiful views of Charleston’s historic Marion Square, as well as the historic Old Citadel church, which dates back to the mid-19th century. Contact Hotel Bennett for more information about how to book this luxurious room.

Note: All featured products and deals are selected independently and objectively by the author. Daily Passport may receive a share of sales via affiliate links in content.

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Culture

7 Newly Added UNESCO Sites You Need To Visit

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 5 minutes
October 2, 2024
Updated: October 3, 2024

7 Newly Added UNESCO Sites You Need To Visit

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

The UNESCO World Heritage List was established in 1978 in an effort to protect and preserve culturally and naturally significant sites around the globe. As of 2024, the prolific list contains 1,223 notable landmarks located in 168 countries — and it continues to grow each year. Recently, UNESCO granted World Heritage status to 24 new spots in Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America. While all of these landmarks are worth visiting in their own right, here are seven new UNESCO sites that should be at the top of any world traveler’s wish list.

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park – Brazil

Otherworldly dune fields of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park in Brazil
Credit: andresr/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park is known for its otherworldly dune fields that formed millions of years ago during the Quaternary Period. But it wasn’t until 2024 that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the area as a World Heritage Site — making it the 24th such location in Brazil.

Located in the country’s northeastern region in the state of Maranhão, these pristine white sands flow for what seems like eternity throughout the park’s 380,000 acres and along 50 miles of Atlantic coastline. During the rainy season, crystalline lagoons form in the crevices of the sand dunes, adding even more color to an already stunning sight. Notably, the park is also home to four endangered species, including the West Indian manatee and scarlet ibis.

Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu – Romania

Sculpture on grassy field, forming part of Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu in Romania
Credit: Biris Paul Silviu/ Moment via Getty Images 

From 1937 to 1938, Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși was given a tall order. He was tasked with creating a series of monuments in dedication to those who lost their lives in defense of the city of Târgu Jiu during World War I. The result was a moving ensemble of three monuments that are located in two parks along the Jiu River. 

The first memorial, the Table of Silence, is a circular stone table surrounded by 12 chairs meant to commemorate the silence that soldiers feel before venturing into battle. The second is the Gate of the Kiss, which comprises two joined columns to reflect on “the beginning of life… through love,” according to the sculptor. Lastly you’ll find the Infinity Column, a mesmerizing, 98-foot-high freestanding column made of pyramidlike shapes that seem to ripple as they travel up toward the sky.

Vjetrenica Cave – Bosnia and Herzegovina

Interior of Vjetrenica Cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Credit: Diogo Pereira and Sanja Vrzic/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

The largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vjetrenica Cave is located in the village of Ravno, which is home to around 3,000 people. Thousands of years ago, these caves served as shelter for prehistoric humans. Today, the caves provide visitors with a chance to experience a fascinating geologic excursion along their natural winding hallways. 

A particularly unique feature of this expansive cave system is the rare flora and fauna found inside. Vjetrenica Cave is home to the planet’s only subterranean tube worm, along with many species of subterranean aquatic fauna that thrive in this unique ecosystem. The caves also contain many ancient animal species whose closest relatives have long been extinct. This spectacular biodiversity makes the cave a must-visit natural wonder if you find yourself in the region.

Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites – South Africa

Overview of Nelson Mandela UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa
Photo credit: © Dr Edward Matenga/ UNESCO

Nelson Mandela was one of history’s most important civil rights activists, who helped South Africa to overcome its horrific history of apartheid. Realizing just how important Mandela’s impact was and remains today, UNESCO in 2024 added a collection of his legacy sites to the World Heritage List. 

There are 14 individual sites, such as the Great Place at Mqhekezweni, where Mandela lived as a young boy, and the Sharpeville sites, which commemorate a horrific massacre of protesters who were killed while protesting racially discriminatory laws. Journey through these fascinating and sobering places to learn more about Mandela’s life and the lasting impact of his work and the work of those around him.

Phu Phrabat – Thailand

Unusual rock formation at Phu Phrabat World Heritage Site in Thailand
Credit: Waypoint Trip/ Shutterstock 

The Phu Phrabat historical park, located in the Ban Phue district of northeastern Thailand, is known for a series of unusual rock formations that include spires, boulders, and massive rocks that appear to be precariously balancing. The rocks have stood there since prehistoric times, as evidenced by the carved human art that’s thought to date back some 6,000 years. Beginning in the seventh century CE through the 11th century, the rocks were used as religious shrines by Hindu and Buddhist worshippers. The rocks remain an annual pilgrimage site for many in the region, who come to pray just as their ancient ancestors did.

Via Appia – Italy

Close-up view of the stones that make up the Appian Way in Italy
Credit: ValerioMei/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

The origins of Italy’s Via Appia (known in English as the Appian Way) date back to the time of ancient Rome, when it served as the empire’s first major road. The first part of the road was built in 312 BCE to enable further military conquest throughout the region. At its peak, this stone thoroughfare extended for 120 miles and connected Rome to the city of Brindisi toward the southeast. Via Appia is a testament to the impressive skill of Roman engineering, as many portions of the road remain intact today. For curious travelers, it’s also the perfect place to take a stroll through millennia of history.

Umm Al-Jimāl – Jordan

Stone ruins at Umm Al-Jimāl World Heritage Site in Jordan
Credit: Dietmar Rauscher/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Located in rural Jordan, Umm Al-Jimāl dates to the first century CE. The settlement’s peak was from the fifth century to the eighth century. During that time, residents cultivated new water capture techniques that transformed the village into an agricultural haven. 

Today, Umm Al-Jimāl is renowned for the many ancient structures that reflect an early Byzantine and early Islamic style, along with ruins of Roman temples at nearly every turn. You’ll even find stone window frames that continue to stand strong all these centuries after their creation — a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of those who once lived in Umm Al-Jimāl. Tragically, the site was raided by robbers in 2014, though the recent efforts of UNESCO will hopefully preserve this ancient landmark for many generations to come.

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Tips

6 Secrets and Rules of the Cockpit

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 4 minutes
October 2, 2024
Updated: October 2, 2024

6 Secrets and Rules of the Cockpit

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

From the crew’s secret language to the plane’s many hidden features, the world of aviation is riddled with mysteries. This is especially true when it comes to the cockpit, which is largely off-limits unless you’re a member of the cabin crew. As airline passengers, it’s natural to wonder what happens behind those closed cockpit doors and what rules must be followed to ensure a safe journey through the skies. Wonder no longer: We’ve pulled back the curtain to reveal six secrets and rules of the cockpit.

Pilot and Co-Pilots Avoid Eating the Same Meal

Pilot and co-pilot reviewing checklist in airplane cockpit
Credit: yacobchuk/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Many airlines have strict regulations that forbid pilots from sharing the same in-flight meal. The logic behind this rule is that if one pilot becomes ill from eating food, then the other can safely land the plane without issue. While food poisoning on planes is rare, it does happen from time to time. In 1975, 197 people fell ill on a Japan Airlines flight from Alaska to Denmark. And on a 1982 flight from Boston to Lisbon, the pilot, co-pilot, engineer, and 10 additional crew members reportedly became sick from some spoiled pudding. While there’s no FAA regulation in the United States against pilots eating the same meals, a number of individual airlines around the world have implemented rules that prohibit it.

Most Pilots Can’t Have Facial Hair

Pilots walking through airport
Credit: xavierarnau/ E+ via Getty Images 

Commercial airline pilots are almost exclusively forbidden from having facial hair, with the vast majority of airlines mandating their pilots be clean shaven at all times. The rule stems from a 1987 FAA study, which found that facial hair prevents oxygen masks from fitting firmly around the face and functioning properly. A separate study concluded that there would be a 16% to 67% leakage for anyone with facial hair wearing an oxygen mask, whether they’re a member of the crew or even a passenger. However, in recent years there have been a few exceptions to this rule. For instance, in 2018 Air Canada changed its policy to allow pilots to have beards trimmed to a maximum length of 1.25 centimeters. 

Leisurely Reading Is Prohibited

Pilot and co-pilot communicating in aircraft cockpit
Credit: Portra/ E+ via Getty Images 

Federal regulations prohibit pilots from engaging in other activities during critical moments of the flight. It’s known as the “Sterile Cockpit Rule,” which encourages pilots to stay focused on their duties while taxiing, during takeoff and landing, and while flying the craft below 10,000 feet. Pilots can forget about reading a book or having casual conversation, because anything that could potentially distract from flying the aircraft is forbidden. However, reading a manual to help fly the plane is permitted, as is discussing matters pertaining to the trip ahead. But during these critical times, pilots must maintain their focus rather than risk getting distracted.

Pilots Have a Secret Sleeping Spot

Airplane parked at gate, seen from directly above
Credit: Chalabala/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

The cockpit isn’t the only area of the aircraft that’s off-limits to the passengers. There’s also a secret rest area for members of the cabin crew to freshen up during long-haul flights. These crew bunks are often found hidden behind what looks like a lavatory door, and are typically located above the main cabin in newer aircraft, or below the main cabin and down in the cargo hold on some older models. Each bunk measures around 78 inches by 30 inches in size, and there’s also a communal area for the crew to change in and out of their sleeping clothing. These quarters allow crew members to adhere to minimum crew rest schedules and recharge away from passengers before resuming their duties.

Autopilot Is Engaged Most of the Time

Close-up image of airline pilot using cockpit controls
Credit: Richard Sharrocks/ Moment via Getty Images 

Autopilot isn’t just a feature that’s employed during special circumstances — the software is actually activated most of the flight. According to an “Ask the Captain” feature from USA Today, it’s estimated that autopilot is turned on around 90% of the time on most flights, though it all comes down to personal preference. Some pilots prefer to steer the craft by hand longer than others, while some activate autopilot to let the computer do the work as soon as regulations allow. Autopilot can even be used to help pilots during the landing process, and Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer is currently testing a new procedure that will allow autopilot to be used for takeoff.

Planes Don’t Often Fly With a Full Fuel Tank

View of seatback entertainment screens in airplane cabin
Credit: alschim/ Unsplash

Airlines rarely fill the fuel tank of an aircraft all the way up in an effort to lessen the amount of total weight. However, this isn’t to say passengers ever need to worry about running out of fuel; commercial airlines are required to carry a minimum amount of fuel in order to ensure the plane reaches its destination with relative ease. But generally, the heavier a plane is, the more costly it is to operate. This is why the fuel tank is usually only partially filled before each trip.

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Architecture

The 10 Fastest Roller Coasters in the World

By Bradley O'Neill
Read time: 6 minutes
October 2, 2024
Updated: December 18, 2024

The 10 Fastest Roller Coasters in the World

By Bradley O'Neill

Inaugurated in Paris in 1817, the Promenades Aêrrienes (Aerial Walk) is often recognized as the world’s first modern roller coaster. Although it’s no longer operational, the attraction once offered thrill-seekers the chance to ride on wheeled carriages along a rail track at 40 mph, which was revolutionary at the time. Since then, modern technology has allowed roller coasters to become even faster, taller, and more daring. If you’re a speed and adrenaline enthusiast, here are 10 of the tallest, fastest roller coasters in the world you can ride today.

10. Orion – Mason, Ohio

Aerial view of Orion roller coaster at Ohio's Kings Island amusement park
Photo credit: Image courtesy of Kings Island

Top speed: 91 mph

Orion, a steel roller coaster located at Ohio’s Kings Island amusement park, is one of only a handful of so-called “giga coasters” in the world. These are rides that have a total height (or a single drop) between 300 and 399 feet tall. With a total track length of 5,321 feet, the coaster races over a series of heart-pounding drops and loops. Orion’s roller coaster speed tops out at 91 mph.

Each eight-car train has a capacity for 32 passengers seated in rows of four, and up to 1,650 passengers can enjoy the two-minute-long ride per hour. Since opening, Orion has been a smash hit with thrill-seekers: It won the USA Today 10 Best Readers’ Choice 2021 award for Best New Amusement Park Attraction

9. Leviathan – Maple, Ontario

Train on Leviathan ride on thrilling downward drop at Canada's Wonderland
Credit: Randy Risling/ Toronto Star via Getty Images 

Top speed: 92 mph

Inspired by a mythical sea monster, Leviathan at Canada’s Wonderland is the fastest and tallest roller coaster in Canada. Rising 306 feet tall with a thrilling  80-degree drop, it has a top speed of 92 mph. The out-and-back ride speeds along 5,486 feet of track in approximately three and a half minutes.

The ride induces breathtaking airtime hills and sharp twists, but no complete inversions. Situated in the Medieval Faire area of the amusement park, Leviathan is one of 17 roller coasters in the park. 

8. Millennium Force – Sandusky, Ohio

Close-up of riders on Millennium Force coaster at Cedar Point amusement park in Ohio
Credit: Del Jones Photography/ Alamy Stock Photo

Top speed: 93 mph

Inaugurated in 2000, Millennium Force at Cedar Point was the first roller coaster to soar over 300 feet high and is considered the world’s original giga coaster. At the time it opened, Millennium Force was also the world’s tallest full-circuit coaster and had the steepest overbanked turn in the world (122 degrees).

Millennium Force’s drop height is 310 feet. During the two-minute-long journey, passengers are sent along 6,595 feet of track featuring multiple hills, tunnels, and intense airtime. The scenic ride passes water bodies, cuts through wooded areas, and affords panoramic views across Sandusky Bay and Lake Erie. 

7. Fury 325 – Charlotte, North Carolina

Riders on Fury 325 at Carowinds amusement park in South Carolina
Credit: Andrew Vodolazhskyi/ Alamy Stock Photo

Top speed: 95 mph

Offering riders an exhilarating blend of speed and height, Fury 325 at Carowinds is North America’s fastest and tallest giga coaster. After climbing to 315 feet, the 32-passenger trains plunge down an 81-degree drop and into curves at breakneck speeds of 95 mph.

This 1.25-mile-long ride lasts for over three minutes and encounters high-speed bank curves and a stomach-dropping camelback hill. Interestingly, the coaster also crosses back and forth over the North and South Carolina state lines during its journey.

6. Steel Dragon 2000 – Kuwana, Japan

Steel Dragon 2000 roller coaster in Kuwana, Japan
Credit: Takatoshi Kurikawa/ Alamy Stock Photo

Top speed: 95 mph

Japan’s Nagashima Spa Land features several attractions that have held Guinness World Records, with one of the most famous being Steel Dragon 2000. Currently the world’s longest roller coaster, it covers roughly 1.5 miles of track and features a 307-foot-high drop.

At the beginning of the ride, trains trundle to their highest point while affording riders views over the park and its many cherry blossom trees. The Steel Dragon then races through camelbacks, helixes, and extreme bends over its four-minute journey. The name of the ride references the year it opened, which was the Year of the Dragon in the Chinese zodiac. 

5. SUPERMAN: Escape From Krypton – Santa Clarita, California

View of vertical track of SUPERMAN: Escape From Krypton ride against blue sky at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Santa Clarita, California
Credit: Sara Marshall/ Moment via Getty Images 

Top speed: 100 mph

Although the ride lasts for just 28 seconds, SUPERMAN: Escape From Krypton, located at Southern California’s Six Flags Magic Mountain, presents a high-octane thrill that’s not for the faint-hearted. Fourteen passengers are launched backward from 0 to 100 mph in just seven seconds.

The train rises to a height of 415 feet at a 90-degree angle, where it hangs vertically for 6.5 seconds. Following this, riders shoot back toward the start tunnel at 92 mph. Opened in 1997, the ride achieves its superhero-like velocity thanks to an electromagnetic propulsion called linear synchronous motor (LSM). It was one of the first roller coasters to utilize this system.

4. Red Force – Tarragona, Spain

Close-up view of train ascending track on Red Force coaster in Tarragona, Spain
Credit: Panagiotis Kotsovolos/ Alamy Stock Photo

Top speed: 112 mph

Red Force in Ferrari Land at PortAventura World is Europe’s fastest and tallest roller coaster, with trains replicating an elongated Ferrari racing car that accelerate from 0 mph to nearly 112 mph in five seconds. This intense speed is designed to mimic the sensation of driving in a Formula One vehicle.

The 39-second ride takes passengers on a 90-degree ascent to 367 feet above the park, located near Barcelona, before dropping into a dramatic twist. Red Force was once the fastest LSM roller coaster in the world, and the entire acceleration takes place over the first 525 feet of horizontal track. Younger parkgoers can get a taste of the ride on the Junior Red Force

3. Top Thrill – Sandusky, Ohio

Aerial view of Top Thrill ride and surrounding attractions at Cedar Point amusement park in Ohio
Photo credit: Image courtesy of Cedar Point 

Top speed: 120 mph

The third-fastest roller coaster in the world, Top Thrill 2 is also located at Ohio’s Cedar Point. It is the world’s tallest and fastest triple-launch strata coaster, which are coasters with drops of 400 feet or more.

The unique ride, which also employs LSM technology, features three separate train launches, the first of which accelerates into the sky at 74 mph. This is followed by a backward freefall launch that reaches 101 mph and takes passengers to the summit of the 420-foot-tall tower. The final, fastest launch hits speeds up to 120 mph as the coaster ascends another 420-foot-tall tower before dropping into a 270-degree spiral.

Top Thrill has a track length of 2,800 feet and a ride time of two minutes, but note that as of late 2024, the ride is currently out of service until further notice as it is being renovated.

2. Kingda Ka – Jackson Township, New Jersey

Bright green track of Kingda Ka roller coaster against blue sky of Jackson Township, New Jersey
Credit: Panagiotis Kotsovolos/ Alamy Stock Photo

Top speed: 128 mph

The hydraulically launched Kingda Ka is the world’s second-fastest roller coaster the fastest roller coaster in the U.S. And it holds another impressive Guinness World Record: the world’s tallest roller coaster. On this tiger-themed ride at New Jersey’s Six Flags Great Adventure amusement park, passengers reach a speed on Kingda Ka of 128 mph in just 3.5 seconds.

Some 20,800 horsepower is required to send the trains up and over an inverted U-shaped track with a high point of 456 feet. A few seconds after reaching the top — barely enough time to enjoy the view — the train spirals down into a 418-foot drop. It then races over a 129-foot camelback hill to generate a few seconds of weightlessness. In total, Kingda Ka travels 3,118 feet in just 50 seconds.

Update: After this article was originally published, Kingda Ka was permanently closed in November 2024, as the park makes way for a new record-breaking roller coaster set to debut in 2026.

1. Formula Rossa – Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Formula Rossa roller coaster in Abu Dhabi, UAE
Credit: Kazakov/ iStock Unreleased via Getty Images 

Top speed: 149.1 mph

Formula Rossa is currently the world’s fastest roller coaster, according to Guinness World Records. Part of Abu Dhabi’s Ferrari World amusement park, Formula Rossa gives passengers an authentic feeling of riding in a high-performance Ferrari.

The sleek, 16-person red trains hit their top speed in 4.5 seconds and exert a g-force of 4.8 (over four times the force of gravity). The cars zoom around a 1.29-mile-long track loosely inspired by the shape of the Monza Circuit in Milan, Italy. The track features several airtime hills along with dramatic twists and turns.

Note: Though it still holds the world record, Formula Rossa is currently out of service until further notice, as of late 2024.

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Architecture

7 Stunning Elevators and Escalators Around the World

By Jersey Griggs
Read time: 4 minutes
September 24, 2024
Updated: September 24, 2024

7 Stunning Elevators and Escalators Around the World

By Jersey Griggs
Author
Jersey Griggs
Jersey is a travel and lifestyle writer whose work has appeared in publications such as Condé Nast Traveler, Business Insider, and Bust. When she’s not exploring her adopted home state of Maine, she’s likely planning her next big trip.

Sometimes on our travels, we just don’t feel like taking the stairs. That’s why elevators (and escalators) were invented. As these inventions have become an essential part of modern life, especially for those with disabilities, it’s difficult to remember a time before they existed. Elevators were invented in 1852; escalators a mere 40 years later. But as vital as these machines are, they’re usually pretty boring to look at. Very few escalators and elevators break the mold in terms of aesthetics, but those that do are worth the ride. Here are seven locations with the world’s most beautiful elevators and escalators.

Santa Justa Lift – Lisbon, Portugal

Santa Justa Lift in Lisbon, Portugal
Credit: NurPhoto via Getty Images 

Lisbon’s Santa Justa Lift reminds us of a time when elevators were newfangled contraptions. Often touted as the world’s most beautiful elevator, Santa Justa was constructed in the early 20th century in the neo-Gothic style that was popular at the time. Originally powered by a steam engine, the historic elevator still features wood carriages and elaborate geometric designs. And as one of the most popular tourist attractions in Lisbon, it proves that Santa Justa’s unique design has stood the test of time.

Atomium – Brussels, Belgium

Escalator inside Atomium in Brussels, Belgium
Credit: Nathaniel Noir/ Alamy Stock Photo

Originally constructed for the 1958 world’s fair, the Atomium was the longest escalator in Europe when it opened. The stunning motorized stairway travels 328 feet and was once the fastest in Europe, too, carrying 3,000 people per hour. Although it no longer holds those distinctions, the Atomium’s escalator is still one-of-a-kind and one of the most popular tourist attractions in Brussels. Renovated in the mid-2000s, it carries passengers diagonally through a space-age tube and is fitted with lights that immerse the traveler in a futuristic world that employs all the senses.

Natural History Museum – London, England

Escalator inside Natural History Museum in London, England
Credit: Sylvain Sonnet/ The Image Bank Unreleased via Getty Images 

The Natural History Museum’s famous Globe Escalator transports passengers through space and time. The base of the escalator is guarded by the fossil of a 10-foot Stegosaurus, a nod to the Mesozoic Era that lasted from 252 million to 66 million years ago — a mind-boggling reminder of the age of our planet. With a single step, the escalator then whisks passengers into the future and beyond. Surrounded by constellations and drawings of the planets, the top of the escalator passes through a three-dimensional, glowing globe that is illuminated from within.

Ginza Six – Tokyo, Japan

Light-filled atrium of Ginza Six shopping mall in Tokyo, Japan
Credit: Aflo Co. Ltd./ Alamy Stock Photo

Home to global fashion icons like Fendi and Saint Laurent, the upscale Ginza Six shopping mall is certainly pleasing to the senses but perhaps dangerous for your wallet. Designed by Gwenael Nicolas, the mall features a series of escalators that crisscross through nine floors in the mall’s light-filled central atrium. The pattern is meant to mimic the alleyways of Japan, and the futuristic, monotone machines are outfitted with lattice screens that allow light to shine throughout the entire space.

Globen Skyview – Stockholm, Sweden

Elevators on side of Globen Skyview in Stockholm, Sweden
Credit: Panther Media GmbH/ Alamy Stock Photo

Looking for the best view in Stockholm? Head to Globen Skyview at the Avicii Arena. Located in the second-largest spherical building in the world, after the Sphere in Las Vegas, the attraction features two globe-shaped gondolas that carry visitors up to 425 feet above sea level. Instead of the typical vertical trajectory of an elevator, the Skyview travels on a curved path that makes its journey completely unique. Departing every 10 minutes, the elevator ride lasts 30 minutes and provides expansive views of Stockholm and the surrounding area.

Falkirk Wheel – Falkirk, Scotland

Image of Falkirk Wheel boat lift in Scotland
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The Falkirk Wheel is technically a boat lift, a device that raises boats out of the water, but it still counts as an elevator in our book. Inspired by the Celtic design found throughout Scotland, the Falkirk Wheel is also the only rotating boat lift in the world. Built in 2002, it replaced a defunct series of locks that connected two separate canals. Its modern technology allows for boats to travel from Forth and Clyde Canal and Union Canal in just five minutes. Try it out yourself by booking a boat tour — during the short journey, you (and the boat) will be lifted 115 feet high.

Hammetschwand Lift – Switzerland

Hammetschwand Lift overlooking mountains in Switzerland
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Switzerland’s Hammetschwand Lift is the world’s highest open-air elevator. Carrying passengers from the edge of the mountain on the Felsenweg cliff path and down to the shores of Lake Lucerne, the elevator descends an astounding 3,714 feet. The adrenaline-pumping attraction has been in operation for over 100 years and remains one of the most popular tourist sites in the country. Despite its age, the elevator has had multiple renovations and overhauls to ensure the safety of its passengers, so you can rest easy while you take in the magnificent views.