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Architecture

5 of the Most Beautiful Bookstores Around the World

By Marissa Kozma
Read time: 3 minutes
December 5, 2024
Updated: December 5, 2024

5 of the Most Beautiful Bookstores Around the World

By Marissa Kozma
Author
Marissa Kozma
Marissa is a cheap airfare aficionado who loves exploring offbeat destinations with her husband. Based in Los Angeles and Joshua Tree, Marissa has been featured in publications such as San Diego Magazine, Palm Springs Life Magazine, 303 Magazine, and Mountain Living.

Bookstores are portals to faraway lands, otherworldly realms, historical eras, and much, much more. So, it’s no surprise that some bookstores go out of their way to compile curated collections in overly embellished spaces. The most stunning shops around the world are located within grandiose architectural landmarks and contain magnificent memorabilia and décor to awaken the senses and inspire creativity as you peruse the aisles — or curl up in a comfy chair to escape into a title that’s caught your attention. Here are five beautiful bookstores you won’t believe exist.

Giunti Odeon Libreria e Cinema – Florence, Italy

Domed yellow interior of Giunti Odeon Libreria e Cinema in Florence, Italy
Credit: Roberto Serra – Iguana Press via Getty Images Entertainment

The Art Nouveau-style Giunti Odeon cinema in Florence’s Piazza Strozzi has been screening films since the 1920s. The beloved venue reopened in 2023 after its tapestries, columns, domed ceiling, and fountains were restored to their original glory. Esteemed Florentine publishing house Giunti also opened a libreria (bookshop) inside the space so visitors could cozy up in one of the gold upholstered box-style seats to watch a film or enjoy a good book. The multilevel bookstore hosts a variety of international and national film events, including festivals and conferences — making it a bustling atelier for those in Florence’s world-renowned arts scene.

Boekhandel Dominicanen – Maastricht, The Netherlands

Boekhandel Dominicanen bookstore housed inside Gothic cathedral in Maastricht, The Netherlands
Credit: Peeradon Warithkorasuth/ Alamy Stock Photo

This medieval bookshop is a must when visiting the Dutch city of Maastricht. Housed inside a Gothic-style cathedral dating back to the 12th century, Boekhandel Dominicanen isn’t your average bookstore. The church’s vaulted ceiling contains centuries-old frescoes, including one Thomas Aquinas painted in 1337 that is the oldest church wall painting in the Netherlands. Offering titles in many languages, Boekhandel Dominicanen also has a café, a communal table in the shape of a cross, and a venue for hosting debates, performances, and lectures.

El Ateneo Grand Splendid – Buenos Aires, Argentina

View from upper level of El Ateneo Grand Splendid bookstore in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Credit: REDA/ Universal Images Group via Getty Images

El Ateneo Grand Splendid in Buenos Aires exudes Latin flair with its frescoed ceiling, dramatic red-curtained backdrop, and a café serving cappuccinos and submarinos (Spanish-style dark hot chocolate). The former historic theater, built in 1919, once hosted tango dancers on its stage before becoming a movie theater in 1929. The building still features balconied levels for people watching below, and today the shelves of books are carefully displayed in the orchestra and mezzanine sections. The palatial bookstore is the perfect place to peruse — and certainly lives up to its grand name.

Livraria Lello – Porto, Portugal

Shoppers inside light-filled space at Livraria Lello in Porto, Portugal
Credit: Horacio Villalobos/ Corbis News via Getty Images 

Some claim that J.K. Rowling herself was inspired by this Portuguese bookshop when she penned the first Harry Potter novel in the early 1990s. At the time, she was living in Porto and likely visited Livraria Lello, which is just as bewitching as Flourish and Blotts (the bookshop in the fictional universe). The bookstore is one of the oldest in Portugal, dating back to 1881. Showcasing elements of Gothic Revival and Art Nouveau architecture, Livraria Lello has stunning stained-glass windows, a winding red staircase, and intricately carved wooden shelves and latticework that enchant from room to room. 

Dujiangyan Zhongshuge – Chengdu, China

Futuristic-looking stacks of books at Dujiangyan Zhongshuge bookstore in Chengdu, China
Credit: VCG/ Visual China Group via Getty Images 

Opened in 2020, Dujiangyan Zhongshuge isn’t as historic as other bookstores on this list, but it is just as captivating around every corner. Located west of Chengdu in the Sichuan province, the store features curved archways, mirrors, and spiraling staircases. The result is a seemingly endless display of shelves upon shelves of paperbacks and hardcovers from floor to ceiling. The optical illusion is especially remarkable, and it’s easy to get lost in the maze. 

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Tips

This Untapped Tourist Destination Just Got a New International Airport

By Peter Vanden Bos
Read time: 5 minutes
December 5, 2024
Updated: October 9, 2025

This Untapped Tourist Destination Just Got a New International Airport

By Peter Vanden Bos
Author
Peter Vanden Bos
Peter is a Toronto-based journalist, editor, content strategist, and self-professed avgeek with 15 years of experience covering all things travel. Prior to joining Daily Passport, he oversaw newsletter publication for Travelzoo. His favorite destinations to explore include Japan, France, Chile, New Zealand, and his adopted home country of Canada.

Ever traveled to the world’s largest island? Despite its geographic claim to fame and its stunning landscape of glaciers and fjords, Greenland traditionally hasn’t been a destination on many tourists’ radars. That’s largely due to difficulty of access — a lack of commercial airports with runways long enough to handle jets meant that the island has been effectively cut off from much of the rest of the world. Until now. In November 2024, Greenland finally debuted a new international airport in its capital, Nuuk, promising to open up this untapped destination to tourism. Here are all the details.

About Greenland

Colorful homes amid snowy landscape of Greenland
Credit: mady70/ Shutterstock 

Greenland is by far the world’s largest island, with an area of 836,330 square miles. However, a permanent ice sheet covers 80% of the island, and its population is just under 57,000 people — about a tenth of the size of the city of Baltimore, Maryland. That makes Greenland one of the least densely populated territories on Earth. 

Almost 90% of the population of Greenland are Indigenous Greenlandic Inuit peoples, who refer to themselves as Kalaallit. Much of the island’s population is clustered on the southwestern coast, where you’ll find the capital of Nuuk, home to about 18,000 people. Geographically, Greenland is considered part of North America, but geopolitically it’s part of Europe. The autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark was granted home rule in 1979 and has had its own parliament since then. 

New Airport Is a “Game Changer” 

Passengers inside new terminal at Nuuk International Airport, Greenland
Credit: JAMES BROOKS/ AFP via Getty Images 

With hopes of kick-starting its underdeveloped tourism industry, Greenland has spent the last five years building a new international airport in Nuuk with a passenger terminal and a 7,216-foot runway capable of accommodating larger jets that can fly to Europe and North America.

Previously, the airport’s runway was just 3,116 feet long, which meant that flights were restricted to turboprops on regional flights operated by Air Greenland, the country’s flag carrier. To fly to destinations further afield, passengers had to connect to Kangerlussuaq, which was previously the only airport in Greenland with a runway long enough to accommodate such flights. 

To build the new runway, construction crews had to blast away approximately 200 million cubic feet of Greenland’s rocky landscape. The airport opened on November 28, 2024, with Air Greenland operating direct flights from Nuuk to Copenhagen for the first time. Air Greenland CEO Jacob Nitter Sorensen shared in an interview with the BBC that the new international airport in Nuuk is “going to be a big game changer for us,” telling the outlet that “it’s going to shorten the travel time, and it’s going to decrease the cost of producing the flight.”

The airport also features state-of-the-art passenger amenities, such as new security screening systems and automated bag drop-offs, along with technology that will keep operations running smoothly during the island’s notoriously bad weather.  

The government hopes the new airport will also pave the way for economic growth in other areas beyond tourism, such as mining and seafood exports. “This airport is not just about travel; it’s about building an infrastructure that will drive economic growth, reduce travel costs, and open up new commercial opportunities,” Jens Lauridsen, CEO of Greenland Airports, shared in a statement with the website International Airport Review. 

U.S. Flights to Greenland Coming Soon

Cathedral and homes in Nuuk, Greenland
Credit: Chris Christophersen/ Shutterstock 

Direct flights to Europe aren’t the only routes on the horizon for Nuuk’s new airport. In October 2024, United Airlines announced a new route from Newark International Airport in the New York City area, set to launch on June 14, 2025. The nonstop flights will take around four hours, opening up Greenland as a convenient getaway for travelers on the East Coast and beyond. Flights will operate twice weekly during the summer season, marking the first time a U.S. carrier has ever served Greenland. 

Other New Airports on the Horizon

Direction sign with distances to major cities at Nuuk Airport in Greenland
Credit: Robert Landau/ Alamy Stock Photo

While the opening of the new runway and terminal at Nuuk International Airport marks a major step forward for Greenland’s tourism prospects, the country has also been hard at work at building and expanding two other airports. In 2026, a second international airport will open in Ilulissat, which is about 350 miles north of Nuuk and an appealing tourist destination for its glaciers and icebergs. That will be followed by a regional airport in Qaqartoq, the most populous town in southern Greenland, situated among a system of scenic fjords. 

What To Do in Greenland

Aerial view of Ilulissat Icefjord in Disko Bay, Greenland
Credit: Curioso.Photography/ Shutterstock 

While nature enthusiasts and intrepid travelers will find no shortage of activities in Greenland, it’s not a destination for everyone, as the country’s own tourism website even tells you. Traveling here will require a hefty dose of planning, flexibility in dealing with unpredictable weather, and a willingness to truly unplug, as cell service is spotty and Wi-Fi access can be difficult and expensive. 

But if that sounds right up your alley, there are plenty of reasons to visit this unspoiled paradise, beyond the lack of crowds. For starters, Greenland is home to the world’s largest national park, the impossibly vast Northeast Greenland National Park — which is almost as big as France and Spain combined. Its landscape is filled with fjords, glaciers, ice fields, mountains, and tundras that are home to wildlife such as arctic foxes, musk oxen, and polar bears.

Greenland is particularly famous for its glaciers. In Illuissat, you’ll find the Ilulissat Icefjord, which was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its ecological significance. One of the fastest-moving glaciers on the planet, it carves more ice each year than any other glacier outside of Antarctica. Take it straight from UNESCO: “The combination of a huge ice-sheet and the dramatic sounds of a fast-moving glacial ice-stream calving into a fjord covered by icebergs makes for a dramatic and awe-inspiring natural phenomenon.” Tours are available on foot, by boat, or by air.

When you’re not out exploring in nature, you can admire the colorful architecture in towns and cities such as Nuuk, which is also where you’ll find the National Museum of Greenland, which documents 4,500 years of the island’s history.

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Culture

The Top 10 Most-Visited Cities in the U.S.

By Nicole Villeneuve
Read time: 7 minutes
December 5, 2024
Updated: December 5, 2024

The Top 10 Most-Visited Cities in the U.S.

By Nicole Villeneuve
Author
Nicole Villeneuve
Nicole is a writer and researcher with over 15 years of experience seeking out arts, culture, and lifestyle stories in places like remote northern Quebec and the unforgettable streets of Amsterdam. Her work has also appeared in PureWow, Brit + Co, AUX TV, and CBC.

In 2023, America welcomed almost 70 million international visitors, with a significant portion of them flocking to a handful of standout cities. While these popular places might share some characteristics that attract adventurers, each also offers its own unique experiences — from their iconic skylines to their important historic sites, vibrant culinary scenes, and picturesque parks. Check out the top 10 most-visited cities in America, according to data from the U.S. Trade Administration’s National Travel and Tourism Office for numbers of overseas tourists in 2023.

10. Boston, Massachusetts

Boston skyline seen in autumn
Credit: DenisTangneyJr/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Annual number of international visitors: 1.15 million

Annual tourists to this historic New England city routinely outnumber its population of 650,000. In 2023, 1.15 million overseas visitors made the trip to Boston, with tens of millions more domestic visitors also coming to experience America’s revolutionary past. Popular attractions include the Freedom Trail, a 2.5-mile path linking historical sites like the Old North Church and Boston Common, as well as the beautiful Beacon Hill neighborhood, with rows of brownstones and gaslit lamps lining narrow cobblestone streets. 

It’s not all old-world charm in Boston: The modern Seaport District, for example, offers dynamic dining, from authentic coastal seafood to classic French cuisine, all with a scenic view of the Boston Harbor. Beantown also boasts world-class museums, and sports fans should make sure to catch a Red Sox game at the storied Fenway Park. The baseball season takes place right around the same time that the lush Public Garden — America’s first public botanical garden — comes to life.

9. Honolulu, Hawaii

Iolani Palace in Honolulu, Hawaii
Credit: Nate Hovee/ Shutterstock 

Annual number of international visitors: 1.32 million

The gateway to the Aloha State, Honolulu combines the natural beauty of Oahu island’s beaches with Hawaiian and Polynesian cultures — all in a thriving urban setting. In 2023, 1.32 million overseas tourists visited the stunning city, with many of them posting up near the iconic Waikiki Beach. Beyond the skyscraper-dotted shore of turquoise waves and golden sands, Honolulu also offers visitors unique historical attractions — from Iolani Palace, the only royal residence in the U.S., to the Pearl Harbor National Memorial, a poignant tribute to the devastating World War II attack. 

Honolulu’s food scene is also a highlight. Visitors should spend some time taking in the tastes and sights of Chinatown’s eateries and markets, as well as seeking out fresh poke and a serving of refreshing Hawaiian shave ice. Visiting Honolulu wouldn’t be complete without taking in its lush landscapes — while the Diamond Head volcano is visible from Waikiki Beach, hiking to its summit offers unforgettable panoramic views of Honolulu’s coastline.

8. Chicago, Illinois

Brownstone residences in Chicago, Illinois
Credit: James Andrews/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

Annual number of international visitors: 1.4 million

The Windy City’s iconic skyline brought over 1.4 million international visitors to the shores of Lake Michigan in 2023 — and another 50 million visited domestically. Visitors flock to Chicago’s best-known landmarks, from Millennium Park’s Cloud Gate sculpture (aka “the Bean”) to the Willis Tower Skydeck and the Art Institute museum, the latter of which houses one of the world’s most renowned collections of impressionist art. 

Beyond the major attractions, notable neighborhoods including Wicker Park and Pilsen offer eclectic local shops, live music, and food options that showcase the city’s neighborhood feel and creative energy. If you visit in the spring or summer, you can bike or walk the scenic Lakefront Trail, an 18-mile paved path along the Lake Michigan shoreline.

7. Washington, D.C. 

Aerial view of Jefferson Memorial, Tidal Basin, and surrounding buildings in Washington, D.C.
Credit: LUNAMARINA/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

Annual number of international visitors: 1.61 million

In 2023, the nation’s capital took 1.61 million international visitors on a walk through U.S. history. Some 20 million additional domestic visitors came to Washington, D.C., to explore major landmarks such as the National Mall, often called “America’s front yard.” Here, visitors can contemplate important figures like Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr., while the nearby Smithsonian museums offer countless exhibits, from the Hope Diamond at the Museum of Natural History to the Apollo 11 command module at the National Air and Space Museum. 

In the Georgetown neighborhood, visitors can explore D.C.’s well-preserved post-Revolution federal architecture, charming waterfront parks, and popular sweets spots like Georgetown Cupcake. Try to make a trip during the spring, when D.C.’s famous cherry blossoms bloom for a short time around the Tidal Basin, creating one of the most iconic and picturesque scenes in the country.

6. Las Vegas, Nevada

Dirt road through Red Rock Canyon near Las Vegas, Nevada
Credit: DenisTangneyJr/ E+ via Getty Images Plus 

Annual number of international visitors: 2 million

Las Vegas is known for its glittering casinos and around-the-clock entertainment, and in 2023 the city’s second-to-none nightlife brought over 2 million overseas visitors to the Nevada desert. That’s certainly a high number — but a drop in the bucket compared to the 36 million Americans who visited. The Las Vegas Strip is lined with grand resorts including the Bellagio, with its famous dancing fountains, and the Venetian, complete with indoor canals and gondola rides. 

Beyond the slots, Vegas has also become a hub for world-renowned performances, from Cirque du Soleil to residencies by artists such as the Eagles at the cutting-edge new Sphere venue. A short drive away, natural attractions like Red Rock Canyon and Valley of Fire State Park offer a scenic escape from the city’s lights, while the downtown area offers nostalgic charm alongside revitalization of public spaces. 

5. San Francisco, California

Cable car beside Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, California
Credit: blanscape/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

Annual number of international visitors: 2.23 million

San Francisco is known for its countercultural history and modern innovation, and in 2023, more than 2.23 million international visitors came to experience the Golden City. The Golden Gate Bridge, with its scenic backdrop of rugged hills and Pacific waters, remains a timeless attraction, as does nearby Alcatraz Island. Fisherman’s Wharf is also one of the city’s top draws — especially Pier 39, where shopping and sunbathing sea lions are all in a day’s visit. For those looking to explore beyond the city, world-famous wine country in the nearby Napa and Sonoma valleys is about an hour’s drive away.

4. Orlando, Florida

Lake Eola and downtown Orlando skyline
Credit: Pgiam/ E+ via Getty Images 

Annual number of international visitors: 3.5 million

Orlando’s attractions are legendary, as the over 3.5 million international visitors a year can attest. Walt Disney World, Universal Studios, and SeaWorld turn the city into a must-visit destination for families just about any time of the year. The Florida city has much more to offer than amusement parks, though. Downtown’s Lake Eola Park is a serene setting for a quieter paddleboat ride, while nearby Wekiwa Springs State Park is a natural oasis of crystal-clear waters perfect for swimming or kayaking. For a more standard urban experience that doesn’t involve roller coasters — but does involve a giant Ferris wheel — check out International Drive, packed with restaurants and popular outlet malls.

3. Los Angeles, California 

Griffith Observatory overlooking Los Angeles skyline
Credit: simonkr/ E+ via Getty Images 

Annual number of international visitors: 3.6 million

The allure of Hollywood glamour, sandy beaches, and year-round sunshine makes Los Angeles a favorite for travelers. Some 3.6 million people visited from overseas in 2023, while another 40 million domestic tourists visited to take in sights like the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Hollywood Sign, and Venice Beach. 

Art and history lovers can flock to both the Getty Center and the Griffith Observatory not only for their respective exhibits, but also for sweeping views of the stunning L.A. skyline. There’s no need for visitors to go hungry, either: From taco trucks to upscale dining, making the trek just for the food is something plenty of people do, too.

2. Miami, Florida 

Pink art deco building with palm trees in Miami Beach, Florida
Credit: Alexander Spatari/ Moment via Getty Images 

Annual number of international visitors: 4.36 million

Miami’s sun-drenched shores, vibrant nightlife, and iconic art deco architecture drew over 4.36 million international visitors in 2023, with even more Americans flocking to this beachside paradise. South Beach is famous for its colorful pastel buildings and bustling Ocean Drive, but beyond the beach, Miami has a vibrant nightlife scene with rooftop bars, Latin dance clubs, and high-end lounges. 

Meanwhile, art lovers can explore the Wynwood Walls, a sprawling outdoor museum of colorful street art, while the historic Little Havana neighborhood offers a taste of Cuban culture. For a nature escape, the Everglades are a short drive away, offering visitors a chance to experience Florida’s unique wetlands and spot local wildlife.

1. New York, New York

Flatiron Building in Manhattan, New York City
Credit: Alexander Spatari/ Moment via Getty Images 

Annual number of international visitors: 9 million

In 2023, almost 9 million overseas visitors flocked to the Big Apple, with a staggering additional 50 million domestic tourists also taking in the city’s iconic sites. Times Square alone gets an average of 40 million visitors every year, making it the most-visited tourist attraction in the U.S. — and one of the most popular attractions in the world. 

While iconic landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty and Central Park draw tourists year-round, NYC is also a veritable cultural playground. Broadway’s theaters are iconic, while live comedy and music shows can be found virtually around any corner. Then, there are museums, from the MoMA to the Whitney, the Met Cloisters, and many more. Many visit New York City for the restaurants alone — it’s one of the cities with the highest number of Michelin-starred restaurants in the world.

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Architecture

5 of the Most Expensive Skyscrapers Ever Built

By Julia Hammond
Read time: 5 minutes
December 5, 2024
Updated: December 6, 2024

5 of the Most Expensive Skyscrapers Ever Built

By Julia Hammond
Author
Julia Hammond
Julia is a U.K.-based travel writer whose work has been featured in The Independent, The Telegraph, The New Zealand Herald, and Culture Trip, among others. She’s an enthusiastic advocate for independent travel and a passionate geographer who has had the privilege of traveling to more than 130 countries in search of a story.

Skyscrapers evolved as a way of getting around high land costs and crowded urban footprints — by building upward rather than out, they made developments on prime real estate more cost-effective. Yet, the construction techniques required to make such buildings possible don’t come cheap, and the higher you go, the more the materials cost. Throw in high-end finishes and an abundance of luxury amenities, and the costs can quickly escalate — sometimes to astronomical levels. When you start talking about billions rather than millions of dollars, the figures become estimates. Nevertheless, here are five of the most expensive skyscrapers (or in some cases, skyscraper complexes) ever built.

Note: All featured products and deals are selected independently and objectively by the author. Daily Passport may receive a share of sales via affiliate links in content.

5. Lotte World Tower – Seoul, South Korea

Aerial view of Han River and Seoul skyline, dominated by Lotte World Tower
Credit: Efired/ Shutterstock 

Estimated total cost of construction: $2.5 billion USD

Lotte World Tower soars 1,821 feet above Seoul, South Korea’s modern capital. This 123-story multipurpose skyscraper encompasses office, retail, tourism, and residential spaces. Its design was ambitious — and expensive — with complex structural challenges that required engineers to ensure that the finished skyscraper would withstand a magnitude 9.0 earthquake or hurricane-force winds. 

The tapered design and use of high-strength concrete and steel helped to achieve these needs yet still facilitate the open floor plans tenants prefer. In addition, in the event of an emergency, the building’s efficient high-speed elevators are able to move everyone to safe zones within 15 minutes and evacuate 15,000 people in around an hour. For tourists, Lotte World Tower is home to one of the planet’s highest observation decks, the Seoul Sky observatory, which is situated 1,640 feet above ground. 

4. One World Trade Center – New York, New York

One World Trade Center towering above buildings of Lower Manhattan, New York City
Credit:  Alexander Spatari/ Moment via Getty Images 

Estimated total cost of construction: $3.8 billion

After the devastating 9/11 attacks in 2001, officials held a competition to design a replacement for New York’s World Trade Center. The design for One World Trade Center was the work of David Childs of architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Safety — and particularly the lessons that had been learned from the tragic events of its predecessor’s demise — informed construction on this new landmark, but design alterations to suit evolving needs and a strengthened city building code all came at a cost. 

By the time the skyscraper was finally completed, after a decade, it cost $3.8 billion. It was over budget by about $1 billion — nearly equivalent to the total cost of the original Twin Towers in 1975. Today, the tower stands a symbolic 1,776 feet tall (to represent the year the U.S. declared independence) and features One World Observatory, which offers epic views over New York City and New Jersey from 102 floors up.

3. The Cosmopolitan – Las Vegas, Nevada

Black glass exterior of the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada
Credit: Bob Pardue – Southwest/ Alamy Stock Photo

Estimated total cost of construction: $3.9 billion

In a place as flashy as Las Vegas, it should come as no surprise that hotel corporations have built some exceptionally expensive properties. Currently, one of the most costly skyscrapers ever built is the Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, a twin skyscraper complex that cost around $3.9 billion to complete — more than the Bellagio and the MGM Grand put together. 

The Cosmopolitan’s two towers, Chelsea and Boulevard, stand more than 600 feet tall. Spanning an 8.7-acre site on the Strip, the property contains 2,995 rooms, considerably fewer than some of its neighbors. Originally, builders intended to incorporate condos, too, but this plan fell through, which helps to explain why many of the rooms are so large. In addition, shared spaces such as the glamorous Chandelier Bar, known for its miles of crystal-beaded lights, provide a clue as to where all that money went.

2. Marina Bay Sands Hotel – Singapore

Marina Bay Sands Hotel in Singapore, seen at night from across bay
Credit: FilippoBacci/ iStock Unreleased via Getty Images 

Estimated total cost of construction: $5 billion

Singapore’s iconic Marina Bay Sands Hotel came at a price tag of more than $5 billion, including land costs. Together, the three towers, each 56 stories high, comprise more than 1,800 rooms and suites. There are two theaters with a total capacity of over 4,000 seats, along with an outdoor plaza that can accommodate 10,000 people, a vast casino, the ArtScience Museum, and a plethora of shops and restaurants. 

The hotel’s SkyPark contains the world’s largest rooftop infinity pool and offers guests a breathtaking 360-degree view of the city. Constructing such a project was a massive undertaking, so it’s not hard to see why this project was so expensive. But many would argue it was money well spent: Since the hotel was completed in 2010, it has won more than 940 awards and continues to be viewed as one of the world’s best properties.

1. Abraj Al-Sa’at (The Clock Towers) – Mecca, Saudi Arabia

People gathered in front of the Clock Towers complex in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Credit: Haidan Abdan Syakuro/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

Estimated total cost of construction: $15 billion

When this 10-year project was completed in 2012, it was estimated that the cost of the skyscraper complex totalled somewhere in the region of $15 billion — far higher than any other complex that had been built before or since. The property is owned by the government of Saudi Arabia, but it boasts high-end tenants such as Fairmont, Movenpick, Swissôtel, and Raffles. You’ll find them in Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, where they accommodate some of the many pilgrims who visit. 

The redeveloped site once housed the Aiyad Fortress, an Ottoman citadel that was demolished to make way for the hotels. The tallest skyscraper of Abraj Al-Sa’at stands 1,972 feet high, making it the sixth-tallest freestanding structure in the world. The clock faces adorning each facade are the largest on the planet at 141 feet in diameter.

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History

Behind the Genius Design of Mount Rushmore

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 5 minutes
December 5, 2024
Updated: December 5, 2024

Behind the Genius Design of Mount Rushmore

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

Located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, Mount Rushmore is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the United States. This mammoth stone monument — featuring the faces of Presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt — sees over 2 million annual visitors. Culturally, the monument represents patriotic values while also serving as a reminder of the mistreatment of Indigenous peoples. But from an architectural perspective, its design is both innovative and ingenious. Take a look at how this larger-than-life monument was created.

The Vision

Historical black-and-white image of Mount Rushmore under construction in the 1930s
Credit: Bettmann via Getty Images 

In 1924, Doane Robinson, then the state historian for South Dakota, contacted sculptor Gutzon Borglum to discuss his idea for building a monument that could attract unprecedented levels of tourism to the state. Initially, Robinson pitched the idea for a monument featuring the likenesses of figures such as explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, and Lakota leader Red Cloud. His nascent vision sought to evoke images of the Old West, but Borglum had other ideas.

After agreeing to work on the project, Borglum pivoted to designing a large-scale monument dedicated to presidents who played a key role in the country’s early success and westward expansion. He settled on Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt, whom he believed represented the country’s birth, growth, preservation, and development, respectively. It took several years for Borglum to acquire enough funding to begin construction, which finally commenced in 1927.

The Controversy

View of Mount Rushmore in Black Hills of South Dakota, featuring carved faces of four presidents
Credit: BeachfrontPhoto/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Before Mount Rushmore became the monument we know today, the mountain had long served as a sacred site for the Lakota Nation, who called it Tunkasila Sakpe Paha (Six Grandfathers Mountain). The 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie reaffirmed Lakota Sioux ownership of the land, but after gold was discovered, the U.S. government forcibly seized it in 1877. Today, many Native Americans still believe that it should be returned to its rightful owners. Adding to the controversy, Borglum had ties to the Ku Klux Klan. Despite all these concerns, the project went on as planned.

The Construction

Historical image of sculptor Gutzon Borglum working on model of Mount Rushmore
Credit: George Rinhart/ Corbis Historical via Getty Images 

Designing the 60-foot-tall heads of Mount Rushmore required both incredible skill and the use of innovative engineering technologies. In 1927, workers constructed an entire village from scratch at the base of the mountain, installing a cable car to take workers and supplies up and down the mountain. A winch house was also installed atop the granite, from which sculptors could be carefully lowered down to precise locations. 

Workers used a process called honeycombing, which involved cutting a honeycomblike design into the granite with jackhammers powered by air compression, which made the stone weak enough to remove parts by hand. This allowed for greater precision than simply blasting away at the rock with dynamite.

Borglum also mapped a 5-foot-tall model of his design onto the much larger rock face. He utilized a technique dating back to ancient Greece, in which sculptors replicated existing statues using what we know today as a pointing machine. These devices feature a needle and joints that can be fixed at an exact angle, which allows sculptors to measure exact distances on one model and then repeat those measurements onto another sculpture. 

But nobody had ever really taken measurements from a smaller model and replicated them onto a larger subject. To solve this problem, Borglum proportioned his model at a 1:12 ratio so that inches could be easily converted to feet. He then built a giant pointing machine on the mountain, which he used to replicate thousands of specific points for each face that he had mapped out using his model.

Despite dwindling finances, work continued. Washington’s head was finally dedicated in 1930, Jefferson’s in 1936, Lincoln’s in 1937, and Roosevelt’s in 1939. What makes the Mount Rushmore project even more impressive is that no lives were lost during its lengthy and perilous construction. 

Unfortunately, Borglum’s full vision never materialized, as he had initially hoped to carve each president’s torso down to their waist. But in 1941, America entered World War II, so funds were diverted away from the project. Sculptors were unable to progress much further, and Mount Rushmore was officially completed on October 31, 1941.

The Eyes

Close-up view of carved faces of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson on Mount Rushmore
Credit: groveb/ iStock via Getty Images Plus

Among the most interesting details of the carved presidential faces are their 11-foot-wide eyes. This video from the educational YouTube channel Primal Space describes how Borglum made the eyes look so realistic, especially compared to ancient busts that often featured smooth, lifeless eyes. 

Borglum opted to cut a deep hole into each pupil that would be permanently steeped in shadow. He also left an uncut square in the middle of each of those holes, which was meant to capture sunlight and reflect it back. The result was a success, giving each president’s eyes a remarkably lifelike appearance.

There are a few notable optical illusions regarding the eyes, too. If you view the face of Teddy Roosevelt from a distance, you might think he’s wearing pince-nez glasses. Only, he’s not wearing glasses at all — it’s just an illusion. Look closer, and you’ll see that there’s only a small part of the nosepiece and some ridges under his eyes, as Borglum chose to leave out his lenses and the earpieces entirely. Despite this decision, Roosevelt still looks as if he’s wearing eyeglasses when viewed from afar.

The Secret Room

Hallway leading to secret chamber at Mount Rushmore
Credit: Science History Images/ Alamy Stock Photo

Originally, Borglum envisioned a hall of records carved directly into Mount Rushmore that would explain the purpose of the monument to future generations. He proposed an 80-by-100-foot room that could be accessed by an 800-foot granite staircase. Not only would this room contain details about the project, but Borglum also hoped to store important national documents such as the Declaration of Independence here.

Work began on this secret chamber with the carving of an 18-foot-tall entryway behind Lincoln’s head, though that’s where progress ended. When Borglum passed away in 1941, the room was left incomplete, and no further work was done due to the limited available funds.

However, there was a small addition to the chamber in 1998, when 16 porcelain panels were installed within the existing entryway. These panels featured the text of the Declaration of Independence, along with biographical information about Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Borglum himself. Unfortunately, the room is off-limits to tourists due to the difficulty of access.

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Tips

The Weirdest Items Found at TSA Airport Security

By Rachel Gresh
Read time: 5 minutes
December 5, 2024
Updated: December 5, 2024

The Weirdest Items Found at TSA Airport Security

By Rachel Gresh
Author
Rachel Gresh
Rachel is a Washington, D.C.–based travel and lifestyle writer with roots in the Great Lakes region. When she’s not writing for publications such as The Discoverer and Interesting Facts, you’ll find her wandering through museums or exploring destinations off the beaten path.

The Transportation Security Administration safeguards the skies, ensuring the safety of millions of passengers every day. With over 2 million travelers and 5 million carry-on items screened daily across nearly 440 U.S. airports, it’s no surprise that the TSA uncovers some genuinely bizarre and unconventional items, from harmless novelties to dangerous contraband. The agency releases an annual list of these discoveries — so here’s a look at some of the most unusual items the TSA has found in recent years.

Souvenir Grenade

Airline passengers placing items in bins to be screened at TSA security
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A passenger at Wisconsin’s Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport learned the hard way that even replica or inert weapons are not permitted in commercial airline cabins. The grenade was discovered in 2022 by TSA agents during a routine X-ray screening. The owner explained he purchased the item as a souvenir for his son. Despite being nonfunctional, the grenade was confiscated, and the owner received a citation. 

Guitar Case of Cattle Prods

Busy airport security lines, seen from above
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In 2022, TSA agents at Washington Dulles International Airport found unexpected items inside a guitar case: cattle prods. While cattle prods are allowed in checked luggage, they’re strictly prohibited in carry-on bags due to the safety risk. Interestingly, this wasn’t the first run-in with cattle prods at Dulles — a single cattle prod was found earlier that year in a different passenger’s carry-on luggage.

Human-Sized Teddy Bear

Security officer waving wand over passenger
Credit: Chachamp/ Shutterstock 

Not all TSA confiscations are dangerous items — some are simply too big. In 2016, TSA agents at Los Angeles International Airport denied entry to a human-sized teddy bear. The bear wasn’t a security threat, but its sheer size posed an issue, as it would’ve required its own seat on the airplane. The TSA advises passengers to consider the size of their items — everything must fit in the overhead bins or under the seat in front of you.

Firearm Concealed Inside Raw Chicken

Bags being screened at airport
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Interestingly, carrying a raw chicken through a security checkpoint isn’t even the most alarming part of this 2022 incident. In a bizarre attempt to smuggle a weapon through airport security, a passenger at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in Florida tried to hide a small firearm inside a raw chicken. While the chicken itself raised eyebrows, the real concern was the firearm, which posed a serious safety risk. Carrying firearms through security checkpoints is prohibited, and violators can face hefty fines and other legal consequences.

Naruto Throwing Knives

Airline passenger walking through X-ray scanner at security checkpoint
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Naruto anime toys and comics are allowed on airplanes, but throwing knives certainly are not. A passenger tried to bring a collection of Naruto-themed knives through a TSA checkpoint at Boston Logan International Airport in 2023. This novelty collection would have been allowed in checked luggage, but weapons of any kind — no matter how artistic the design — are strictly forbidden in carry-on luggage. An exception to this rule is round-bladed butter knives, which are permitted in carry-on bags as an eating utensil. 

Live Eels

Passenger talking to TSA agent as he places bag on security screening belt
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At Miami International Airport, TSA agents once thwarted an elaborate plan to smuggle live marine animals from the U.S. to Venezuela. Among the contents of the passenger’s checked luggage were 163 marine tropical fish and 22 invertebrates, including a bag of live eels. The passenger surrendered all animals to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. However, passengers are permitted to take pet fish in carry-on luggage as long as they are in a clear plastic container filled with water.

Illegal Drugs in Crab Boil Seasoning

Close-up view of backpack in security bin
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Passengers can bring sealed food containers on planes, but the TSA checks food for illegal substances, even if they seem factory-sealed. At Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport in 2023, a container of crab boil seasoning, which appeared to be factory-sealed, was found to contain a pound of methamphetamine upon further examination. The passenger was arrested and faced federal drug charges.

Samurai Swords

Passengers placing items on security screening belt in airport
Credit: AzmanL/ E+ via Getty Images 

Despite warnings against bringing weapons as carry-on items, some passengers persist. In 2020, one determined passenger at California’s San Jose International Airport went so far as to bring a set of three samurai swords in various sizes through a security checkpoint, where they were quickly confiscated. Head to the TSA’s website to check if your questionably shaped novelty items are allowed in-cabin, as guidelines are very specific. For example, Harry Potter-themed wands and lightsabers are permitted, but foam toy swords are not.

Pet Snake

Toiletries and personal items in airport security bin
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In 2019, a Newark Liberty International Airport passenger forgot their pet snake at a security checkpoint. It was later found by a young traveler who noticed the 15-inch ring-necked snake slithering across the terminal floor. While this particular species is harmless, it was an alarming sight for unknowing travelers. When it comes to taking snakes on a plane, the TSA says that it’s ultimately up to the airline to make the call — airlines set guidelines for all in-cabin pets, including dogs, cats, and other small animals.

Moose Excrement

Airport security agent viewing X-ray scan
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Alaskans are no strangers to moose, but TSA agents probably never expected to find a bag full of moose feces in a passenger’s bag at Juneau International Airport. The passenger explained he collected moose droppings to give to politicians whose policies he disagreed with. Though the item is one of the most bizarre TSA findings to date, the agency deemed it nonthreatening, and the passenger was sent along with his bag of droppings in hand. However, the TSA released a statement along with the story, urging passengers to think twice before bringing odorous items on flights.

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Tips

Lost Bag? This New Apple Feature Will Help Airlines Locate It

By Peter Vanden Bos
Read time: 3 minutes
November 26, 2024
Updated: October 24, 2025

Lost Bag? This New Apple Feature Will Help Airlines Locate It

By Peter Vanden Bos
Author
Peter Vanden Bos
Peter is a Toronto-based journalist, editor, content strategist, and self-professed avgeek with 15 years of experience covering all things travel. Prior to joining Daily Passport, he oversaw newsletter publication for Travelzoo. His favorite destinations to explore include Japan, France, Chile, New Zealand, and his adopted home country of Canada.

Checking a bag on your next trip? Along with your vacation essentials, there’s one tiny gadget you’ll definitely want to toss in: an Apple AirTag. The quarter-sized device has become a go-to tool for frequent travelers — if the airline loses your luggage, you can use it to keep tabs on the location of your bag. Recently, Apple announced a new feature that will make it even easier to track down lost luggage with an AirTag. Read on for all the details.

Mishandled Bags

Baggage on airport carousel
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In 2023, U.S. airlines mishandled — meaning they lost, delayed, or damaged — more than 2.8 million bags. While that sounds like a high number, it’s still small in the scheme of domestic air travel, equating to roughly seven out of every 1,000 bags that were checked. Yet, you don’t want that scenario to happen to you, so there’s no harm in adding an extra layer of protection by packing an Apple AirTag in your luggage. 

Users can track the device’s location using a technology called ultra-wideband, which sends out signals every two nanoseconds. These signals provide the exact location of the AirTag, which is communicated to any nearby Apple devices and relayed to the larger Apple network. Until now, the location details have been kept private and can only be seen by the owner of the Apple account connected to the AirTags themselves. 

Third-Party Sharing

Traveler sitting on couch using phone next to her luggage
Credit: Giselleflissak/ E+ via Getty Images 

In November 2024, Apple announced a new feature available with the latest iOS 18.2 software update called “Share Item Location.” With this feature, Apple users can now create a secure tracking link for their AirTag or other accessories within the Find My app and share that link with third parties. The link directs to a website that shows the real-time location of the item on an interactive map, along with a timestamp of the most recent location update. Apple promises that all personal data will remain private, and that the shared location can be disabled by the user at any time.

When It’s Available for Baggage Tracking

Close-up image of person holding Apple AirTag device
Credit: Wachiwit/ Alamy Stock Photo

One of the common frustrations with passengers who have packed AirTags is that the devices are often able to track down missing luggage more quickly and accurately than the current systems in place at many airlines, so this new feature promises to be a helpful tool for customers. Apple says that it is working directly with airlines to incorporate the “Share Item Location” into their customer service processes, allowing them to accept these private and secure links directly from customers to provide real-time baggage tracking. 

In December, United Airlines became the first airline to introduce the feature, which is integrated into the airline’s mobile app. David Kinzelman, United’s chief customer officer, said in a statement, “Apple’s new Share Item Location feature will help customers travel with even more confidence, knowing they have another way to access to their bag’s precise location with AirTag or their Find My accessory of choice.”

While the company didn’t provide a specific timeline, Apple said that “in the coming months” customers traveling with 15 airlines will be able to take advantage of this useful new feature. The list includes popular U.S. carriers Delta, along with major international airlines such as Air Canada, British Airways, KLM, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, and Turkish Airlines. 

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Culture

5 of the Biggest Holiday Markets Around the World

By Fiona Mokry
Read time: 4 minutes
November 26, 2024
Updated: November 26, 2024

5 of the Biggest Holiday Markets Around the World

By Fiona Mokry
Author
Fiona Mokry
Fiona has spent her career exploring the world and working in the travel industry, turning her lifelong passion into a profession. From planning custom trips to sharing stories as a travel writer for publications such as The Discoverer, she’s all about helping others experience the world in a deeper, more meaningful way.

During the holiday season, Christmas markets captivate our imagination with twinkling lights, holiday treats, and unique gifts made by local artisans. From centuries-old European festivals to North American winter wonderlands, these markets encapsulate the magic and joy of the season. Here are five of the world’s biggest holiday markets to visit this year.

Rathausplatz Christkindlmarkt – Vienna, Austria

Stalls for Vienna Christmas Market in front of Vienna City Hall
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Christmas markets abound during the holidays in the Austrian capital, but the Rathausplatz Christkindlmarkt is the city’s largest. Its location in front of Vienna’s city hall makes it a central focus throughout the season, and there are nearly 100 vendor booths selling handicrafts and holiday treats. 

Dating back to the 18th century, the Rathausplatz market has steadily grown throughout the centuries to become one of the largest Christmas markets in the world. Holiday treats including chocolate-covered strawberries, German sausages, and handmade pastries are favorites among marketgoers. In 2023, an estimated 3.3 million people attended the market, and Vienna is anticipating even more visitors this year.

Striezelmarkt – Dresden, Germany

Crowded Striezelmarkt holiday market in Dresden, Germany
Credit: emicristea/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

In 2024, Dresden Striezelmarkt will celebrate its 590th year, making it the oldest Christmas market in Germany, and — by some estimates — the world. First held in 1434, this market has become a beloved favorite in the region. Running from November 27 to December 24, it features events such as an Advent Calendar Festival, a Gingerbread Festival, a Day of Christmas Crafts, and a Children’s Festival. 

The family-friendly festival also offers a variety of rides, including a historic Ferris wheel that provides breathtaking views of the twinkling lights and joyful shoppers below. Vendors sell an array of handmade crafts such as ornaments, wooden toys, nutcrackers, Schwibbogen (decorative candle arches), glassware, prune figurines, and Moravian stars — while seasonal food and drink, including mulled wine, potato pancakes, and savory sausages, can’t be passed up. 

Christkindelsmärik – Strasbourg, France

Sign decorated with holiday lights for Christkindelsmärik in Strasbourg, France
Credit: Hemis/ Alamy Stock Photo

This annual Christmas market is the longest-running holiday market in France, and it’s particularly famous for its mulled wine (vin chaud). Since 1570, the square in front of Strasbourg Cathedral has come alive at the end of November, transforming into a vibrant hub filled with festive vendors, live performances, and millions of visitors eager to join in the holiday celebrations. 

Affectionately known as “the Capital of Christmas,” Strasbourg proudly claims to be one of the most illuminated cities in Europe during the holiday season. Streets sparkle with lights, windows are adorned with decorations, and homes and balconies are draped in a magical glow. At the heart of this display stands a 100-foot Christmas tree in Place Kléber, one of the tallest decorated trees in Europe. Scattered throughout the market are around 300 wooden chalets, each housing a vendor selling handicrafts, tasty drinks, Christmas ornaments and decorations, and traditional foods such as pain d’épices (sweet spiced bread). 

Christkindlesmarkt – Nuremberg, Germany

Stalls crowded with shoppers at Christkindlesmarkt in Nuremberg, Germany
Credit: travelstock44/ Alamy Stock Photo 

Rivaling Germany’s oldest market in Dresden, Nuremberg’s Christkindlesmarkt is also one of the world’s largest Christmas markets. Dating back to 1628, this historic market is set to draw more than 2 million visitors in 2024. From November 29 to December 24, Nuremberg’s picturesque Old Town transforms into a holiday haven with 180 wooden stalls draped in red-and-white striped awnings, offering Christmas treats and traditional crafts for sale. 

The heart of the market is the iconic Hauptmarkt, a market square in front of the Church of Our Lady. The festive spirit spills over into surrounding streets, including a children’s market. Against the backdrop of the Old Town’s stunning Gothic architecture, illuminated by thousands of twinkling lights, the atmosphere is nothing short of magical.

Distillery Winter Village – Toronto, Canada

Marketgoers at the Distillery Winter Village in Toronto, Canada
Credit: Scott Heaney/ iStock Editorial via Getty Images Plus

Formerly known as the Toronto Christmas Market, the Distillery Winter Village is a newcomer compared to the centuries-old markets on this list. But in just 10 years, it’s become one of the largest holiday festivals in North America, attracting around 800,000 visitors each holiday season. Beyond its size, the market stands out with a stunning 100-foot tunnel of lights, strung above the streets of Toronto’s charming Distillery District. 

Indeed, with its cobblestone streets and a towering 55-foot silver fir tree, this historic Toronto district feels more like a European winter wonderland. The festival features a Santa’s Grotto, fairground rides, beer gardens, and dozens of vendors offering seasonal gifts and traditional foods. And yes, poutine is definitely on the menu.

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Tips

5 Hidden Tourist Fees You Might Not Know About

By Bennett Kleinman
Read time: 4 minutes
November 26, 2024
Updated: November 26, 2024

5 Hidden Tourist Fees You Might Not Know About

By Bennett Kleinman
Author
Bennett Kleinman
Bennett is a New York City-based staff writer for Daily Passport. He previously contributed to television programs such as the Late Show With David Letterman, as well as digital publications like the Onion. Bennett has traveled to 48 U.S. states and all 30 Major League Baseball stadiums.

It’s no secret that going on vacation is an expensive endeavor, but often, it’s made all the more costly by the hidden taxes and fees that tourists frequently end up paying. It’s not just private institutions that charge visitors a bit extra — entire cities and countries will sometimes impose a fee just for you to enter their borders. These costs are largely unavoidable when visiting certain places, but it’s helpful to know what to expect so you can plan and budget ahead. Here are five “hidden” tourist taxes that you may not have realized you were paying.

Destination Taxes

Punakha Dzong palace in Bhutan
Credit: Subhadeep Bhattacharyya/ iStock via Getty Images Plus 

Many cities and countries around the world have imposed a destination tax on visitors, often in an effort to manage overtourism. The purpose of this type of tax can be twofold: First, it creates a financial barrier that may turn off potential visitors. Though such fees are usually modest, they can help keep overall tourism numbers at a more manageable level. Second, these fees generate revenue from those who still decide to visit, which is later reinvested in infrastructure, the local economy, or to help preserve the location’s natural beauty. In many cases, destination taxes are tacked onto the cost of your nightly accommodations, so you may not even realize you’re paying them.

Bhutan has one of the highest destination taxes in the world, charging adult visitors $100 each day. The Bhutanese government uses the money generated from those taxes to preserve the country’s stunning natural sites and Buddhist culture. Venice, Italy, meanwhile, charges visitors between 1 and 5 euros for each night of their stay, and recently implemented a “day-tripper” tourist tax as well. Barcelona, Spain, imposes a nightly tax of 3.25 euros in an effort to quell overtourism and keep local merchants and residents happy. These are just a few of the many cities and countries that impose similar taxes on both day-trippers and those who choose to stay the night.

Visa Application Fees

Person applying for visa with visa officer
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Often, traveling to another country isn’t as simple as just stepping off the plane and heading to your hotel, as many countries charge a fee for processing visa applications. Beginning in 2025, all countries in the European Union will require a travel visa that can be obtained through a new EITAS program. Visa applications cost 7 euros — a charge that’s mandatory for most tourists — and it allows for free travel through 27 countries over a 90-day period. Be sure to apply for the EITAS visa at least 96 hours before departure.

When visiting the United States as a foreign citizen, get ready to pay a $185 fee for processing a tourist visa, unless you are a resident of a visa-waiver country. In general, you should apply for a tourist visa several months in advance; expect prices and processing times to vary depending on the country you visit.

Money Exchange Surcharges

Traveler using ATM
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Carrying local currency is sometimes essential when traveling abroad, but tourists regularly fall victim to predatory surcharges at ATMs and other money exchange terminals. Avoid exchanging money in popular areas such as airports or public squares — these locations sometimes have kiosks looking to take advantage of tourists by imposing as much as a 20% fee per transaction.

Instead of exchanging money abroad, do it before your trip with your bank back home, which is likely to impose a far more modest 1% to 3% transaction fee. At the end of the day, it may be beneficial to use a credit card when traveling, as many no longer charge foreign transaction fees. Be sure to contact your bank or check their website so you’re aware of what they charge on overseas credit card transactions.

Departure Taxes

Passengers queuing at airport
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In addition to tourist taxes and visa application fees, travelers may be subject to departure taxes when leaving the country. These fees are levied by airports or cruise terminals and added directly to the cost of buying your ticket. For example, Australia has one of the highest departure taxes globally, charging 70 Australian dollars (about $46 USD) to anyone leaving the country. Many Caribbean countries also levy a departure tax, including the Bahamas — which charges between $18 and $29 depending on if you leave by boat or plane. Modest departure taxes also exist in several European countries such as Germany and Spain, so be cognizant of these fees before you book your next flight.

Restaurant Service Charges

Couple dining alfresco
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Many countries, and especially those in the European Union, have strict regulations regarding the price that customers pay at restaurants and when buying goods in general. Customers must be clearly informed of the price beforehand, as additional hidden charges are illegal. But in more touristy regions, some eateries put these service charges in fine print on the menu to cover themselves legally. When the bill arrives, be sure to check carefully to see if there is a service charge — if there is, there’s usually no need to add an extra gratuity. 

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Architecture

11 University Campuses That Double as Architectural Masterpieces

By Jersey Griggs
Read time: 6 minutes
November 26, 2024
Updated: December 11, 2024

11 University Campuses That Double as Architectural Masterpieces

By Jersey Griggs
Author
Jersey Griggs
Jersey is a travel and lifestyle writer whose work has appeared in publications such as Condé Nast Traveler, Business Insider, and Bust. When she’s not exploring her adopted home state of Maine, she’s likely planning her next big trip.

When it comes to modern college campuses, gone are the days of stuffy libraries and ancient research centers. Since architecture can be used to showcase a university’s identity and ideals, many campuses have begun to take a more innovative approach to design. Check out these 11 modern architectural masterpieces that double as institutions of higher learning.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Cambridge, Massachusetts

Aerial view of MIT campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Credit: Danica Chang/ Shutterstock 

Designed by renowned architect Frank Gehry, the Stata Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a striking example of postmodern architecture. Gehry designed the building, completed in 2004, as the “geek palace,” a research institution where modern innovation and technological advancement could flourish. The building’s bright colors and curved edges create a deconstructed look that defies any expectations of what a prestigious building should look like. Inside, the Stata Center holds labs, classrooms, and a common area for students to congregate.

Bard College – Annandale-on-Hudson, New York

Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts on the Bard College campus, seen from above
Credit: Allen Brown/ Alamy Stock Photo

Another architectural wonder created by Frank Gehry, the Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts on the Bard College campus has become a campus landmark since it opened in 2003. The Hudson Valley serves as a gorgeous backdrop for the minimalist, 900-seat theater, and Gehry worked with acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota to create a building where acoustics could thrive. The rest of the campus includes designs by other notable architects, such as the library addition by Robert Venturi and and the science center by Rafael Viñoly, all of which draw architecture buffs for campus tours.

Florida Southern College – Lakeland, Florida

Frank Lloyd Wright-designed chapel at Florida Southern College
Credit: John Greim/ LightRocket via Getty Images 

At the height of his career, Frank Lloyd Wright channeled his impressive architectural prowess into this college in South Florida. As a part of his vision for an “American campus,” Wright designed 12 different structures for Florida Southern College between 1938 and 1958. Architectural highlights include the Danforth Chapel — a small, pious space that showcases Wright’s magnificent use of light — and the Annie Pfeiffer Chapel, which features architectural details such as skylights, stained glass, and cantilevered floors. Wright also designed the Esplanades, a network of modern concrete walkways that connect different parts of the architecturally stunning campus.

Carnegie Mellon University – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Manicured lawn and campus buildings at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Credit: UCG/ Universal Images Group via Getty Images

Designed by Mack Scogin Merril Elam Architects in 2009, the Gates and Hillman Centers at Carnegie Mellon University were constructed with the future in mind. Built with sustainable materials and designed to maximize energy efficiency — including a vegetative rooftop that manages rainwater — both buildings have achieved LEED Gold Certification for sustainable design. The interior layout was thoughtfully designed to create cross-collaboration between research labs and offices, while the magnificent atrium beams sunlight into the central common area.

California State University, Northridge – Los Angeles, California

Younes and Soraya Nazarian Center for the Performing Arts at Cal State Northridge
Credit: Kirk McKoy/ Los Angeles Times via Getty Images 

Known simply as the Soraya, the Younes and Soraya Nazarian Center for the Performing Arts is perhaps the most impressive piece of modern architecture on the Cal State Northridge campus. Featuring a sleek and modern exterior made of glass and concrete, the Soraya’s sharp lines stand in contrast to the warm tones and textures found in the interior. The theater — which is home to musical, dance, and theatrical performances — has rounded walls and curved ceilings that were designed with acoustics in mind. This thoughtful design controls acoustic reverberation and allows sound to distribute evenly throughout the space, making it both an architectural and theatrical landmark in the Los Angeles area.

The New School, University Center – New York, New York

Yellow taxi cabs driving by the New School in Manhattan, New York City
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Located near Manhattan’s Union Square, the New School’s 16-story hub was created to be a “campus in a building.” The university building was designed by architectural firm SOM in 2014 and has since become a notable public landmark. From the geometric glass facade to the LEED Gold Certified energy usages, the University Center was built with progressive design in mind. The building is punctuated by a grand network of concrete staircases, which are stacked throughout the floors to connect classrooms and “sky quads,” where students are invited to lounge, socialize, and study. 

Oberlin College – Oberlin, Ohio

Students sitting in front of buildings at Oberlin University
Credit: Layne Kennedy/ The Image Bank Unreleased via Getty Images 

Dating back to 1963, the Kulas Musical Arts Building at Oberlin College Conservatory of Music showcases the clean lines and minimalist shapes associated with mid-century modern design. Attached to it is the contemporary Kohl Building, completed in 2011, which is renowned for its jazz studies program. The Kohl Building features rooms that were specifically designed for percussion music, such as jazz ensembles. The Finney chapel, meanwhile, is a 1908 architectural landmark built in the Gothic Revival style, which serves as home to the conservatory’s ensemble performances.

University of California, San Diego – San Diego, California

Brutalist-inspired Geisel Library at the University of California, San Diego
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Although opinions on Brutalism design remain mixed, most agree that the Geisel Library on the University of California, San Diego’s (UCSD) campus is one of the most iconic examples of the architectural style. Built in 1970, the library’s sculptural facade features a mix of cantilevered concrete to create a futuristic, hexagonal shape. The building’s interior is equally masterful, with panoramic views from multiple floors and a central atrium that allows light to penetrate the space. Designed by William Pereira, the library’s open and airy interior serves as a juxtaposition to the hard concrete exterior. The unique design was inspired by the scientific and progressive studies occurring at UCSD.

University of Chicago – Chicago, Illinois

Aerial view of University of Chicago campus
Credit: Serhii Chrucky/ Alamy Stock Photo

Despite being founded in 1890, the University of Chicago is known for its modern architecture, including the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library. Designed by Helmut Jahn in 2011, the dome-shaped library houses millions of books beneath the building in an underground, climate-controlled facility. Using robotic cranes, the library’s book retrieval system is speedy, efficient, and futuristic. Above ground, the building’s 700 glass panels create a unique space that is wildly different from the muted design often associated with institutions of higher learning. Without stacks of books or endless aisles, the library remains open, bright, and airy.

University of Akron – Akron, Ohio

Brutalist campus building at University of Akron, Ohio
Credit: Henryk Sadura/ Alamy Stock Photo

Located in northern Ohio, the University of Akron campus showcases a mix of architectural styles and designs. Schrank Hall South is a striking display of the Brutalist design, with exposed concrete blocks knitted together to create an intricate mosaic of vertical and horizontal shapes. In contrast, the Goodyear Polymer Center takes an innovative approach to university architecture — it is more akin to a modern high-rise than a research center. Its cantilevered design employs glass and exposed steel beams, while the high and airy atrium features multileveled walkways that foster communication between engineering students and professors.

University of Wisconsin, Madison – Madison, Wisconsin

Union South building at University of Wisconsin, Madison
Credit: Panoramic Images/ Alamy Stock Photo 

The University of Wisconsin, Madison is another college campus whose design was strongly influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright. The architect was raised in Wisconsin and had strong ties to the state throughout his life. As a result, the design of Union South was inspired by Wright’s philosophy — the building uses natural materials and horizontal lines, while also showcasing open and functional interior spaces. 

Wright was also an early advocate for using local materials in his design, and Union South achieves this through its commitment to sustainability. Earning LEED Gold Certification, the student building lessened its environmental impact through its water efficiency and conservation, including stormwater management and using native plants in its landscaping.